丛枝菌根与植物寄生性线虫相互作用及抗性机制

Mechanisms of Plant Resistance to Plant-parasitic Nematodes Mediated by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)能够与大多数陆地植物互惠共生,促进植物对养分的吸收,提高植物对各种生物和非生物胁迫的抗逆性,对植物健康生长有重要的作用。在土壤中丛枝菌根真菌与植物寄生性线虫共同依靠寄主植物根系完成生命循环,但二者对寄主植物作用完全相反,引起研究者广泛兴趣,成为菌根研究的热点和焦点之一。本文分析了丛植菌根真菌与植物寄生线虫的相互作用,并探讨了菌根提高植物对线虫抗性的可能机制:菌根真菌改善植物的生长和营养状况、改变植物根系形态结构、影响根系分泌物和根际微生物区系、诱导寄主植物产生防御反应等,旨在深入挖掘丛枝菌根真菌的生物学功能,进一步发挥其在农业生产中的应用潜力。

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF） can form mutualistic symbioses with most of land plants. AMF can enhance nutrient uptake by plants and increase plant resistance to various adverse abiotic and biotic stresses. AMF and plant parasitized nematodes are all indigenous soil organisms and therefore co-exist in plant roots to finish their life cycle, but the potential role of AMF and nematode are totally reversed. The interaction between AMF and plant-parasitic nematodes have become one of the hot topics in AMF research. This paper focused on the direct and indirect roles of AMF in plant resistances to diseases. The following aspects were discussed： the direct competition between AMF and plant pathogens, the enhancement of plant growth and nutrient uptake, the changes of the root morphology and architecture, the alteration of root exudates and composition and distribution of soil microorganims in the rhizosphere, and the prime of plant defense reactions. It aims to deepen the understanding on the biological functionality of AMF and to explore its potential application in agriculture practices in future.