引黄水库沉沙条渠沉积物的组成及理化特征

COMPOSITION AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SEDIMENTS IN DESILTING BASIN FROM YELLOW RIVER DIVERSION RESERVOIR

研究了济南市引黄供水鹊山水库沉沙条渠6个地理位置泥沙沉积物的组成及理化特征,并分析了沉积物的组成及理化特征参数间的相关性.结果表明,沉沙条渠内的泥沙沉积物在组成成分上与黄河沉积物基本相同,但含量及理化性质上有一定的差异.泥沙沉积物颗粒主要以粘粒、粉砂和细砂粒为主,颗粒粒度分布在0.3—125μm之间;沉积物的矿物主要由轻矿物(以石英、长石、方解石为主)和粘土矿物(以蒙脱石、伊利石、绿泥石为主)组成.与其它沉积物相比,泥沙沉积物存在高Ca和低Al的现象.泥沙的活性态Fe的含量远高于活性态Al的含量.泥沙沉积物属于中性偏碱沉积物,其有机质含量很低,极少超过1%;颗粒表面带有一定量的负电荷,其絮凝能力较小,甚至为零.此外,泥沙沉积物各参数间存在较好的相关性,沉积物的理化特性主要受沉积物的化学组成所影响,并且沉积物颗粒的各种矿物组成比例与颗粒粒径有密切的关系.

Composition and physicochemical characteristics of sediment samples collected from 6 different geographical sites in desilting basin of Queshan reservoir were determined,and the correlation between their composition and physicochemical properties was analyzed.The results showed that the sediments collected from desilting basin and the Yellow River had similar composition but some differences in content and physicochemical characteristics.The sediment particles were mainly composed of clay,silt and fine sand,and their size distribution was 0.3—125 m m.The main minerals of sediments were light minerals（mainly quartz,feldspar and calcite） and clay minerals（mainly montmorillonite,illite and chlorite）.Compared with the sediments in other water bodies,higher Ca and lower Al content were observed in the sediments from desilting basin.There was much more active Fe than active Al in these sediments.In addition,these sediments with neutral or slightly alkaline pH contained very low content of organic matters,which seldom exceeded 1%.There were some negative charges on the surface of sediment particles,and low or even zero flocculating ability was observed among these sediment particles.Furthermore,good correlations existed among the parameters of these sediments.Their chemical compositions played a major role in determining the physicochemical characteristics,and the composition proportion of various minerals correlated closely with their particle sizes.