我国农村宅基地置换模式、问题与对策建议

MODES,PROBLEMS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR CHINA RURAL RESIDENTIAL LAND EXCHANGE

基于综合分析我国农村宅基地置换涵义和当前全国宅基地置换工作实践,总结了4类宅基地置换模式,即城乡统筹模式、城中村和园区村改造模式、宅基地整理模式和增减挂钩模式,各类模式的实质是实现了政府为主导,企业参与的土地发展权转移。提出并分析了宅基地置换中存在的4个潜在问题:(1)与宅基地制度改革方向不尽相符;(2)未充分尊重农民意愿和保障其长远利益;(3)资金难以保障与利益分配不均衡;(4)耕地质量难以平衡。并提出政策性、慎重性、合理性、尊重农民意愿四条对策建议。

Based on the comprehensive analysis of rural residential land exchange meanings and practical work,four types of modes of residential land exchange were summarized in China such as urban-rural integrated mode,urban village and industrial park village mode,residential land consolidation mode and increasing of urban construction land and decreasing of rural residential land mode.Each mode was essentially land development right transfer based on government-orientation and enterprises participation.Four potential problems were put forward in the exchange of rural residential land ：（1） the development direction was out of the residential land system reformation;（2） the farmer＇s wish was not respected and long-term benefits were not ensured;（3） lack of funds and imbalance of reciprocity benefits;（4）imbalance of the cultivated land quality.Four suggestion as：（1） principle;（2）cautious;（3）rationality;（4）respect peasant＇s will were proposed.