国产蔷薇科蔷薇亚科的花粉形态

Pollen Morphology of Rosoideae (Rosaceae) of China

对国产蔷薇科（Ｒｏｓａｃｅａｅ） 蔷薇亚科（Ｒｏｓｏｉｄｅａｅ） １０ 属１２ 种植物的花粉进行了光镜和扫描电镜观察。本亚科花粉呈单粒存在， 花粉近球形至长球形， 极面观常呈三裂圆形， 赤道面观椭圆形至圆形。花粉大小为（１６－０６μｍ ～３１－８８μｍ） ×（１５－３０μｍ ～３５－７０μｍ） 。三孔沟， 内孔为长方形， 沟较长， 两端较窄。其中， 矮地榆Ｓａｎｇｕｉｓｏｒｂａ ｆｉｌｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ 的花粉形态较为特殊， 每条沟的中部特别宽， 向两端则逐渐变窄， 形成近乎菱形图案， 并且在沟的中央覆盖着近椭圆形的沟膜， 将沟部分隔开来。从而在光镜下， 其极面观为不等的六裂圆形。但该种花粉依然属于３ 孔沟类型。花粉外壁在扫描电镜下见有穴状、皱波或疣状－ 穴状、条纹－ 穴状、条纹－ 网状、条纹状、刺状、条纹－ 刺状等纹饰变化。与外部形态特征和染色体基数复杂化相适应， 本亚科的外壁纹饰与其余亚科相比变化也最为多样。本文在对Ｒｏｓｏｉｄｅａｅ 的部分国产属种进行花粉形态报道的同时， 也对一些有关系统学问题进行了讨论。

The pollens of 12 species from 10 genera, Kerria, Fillipendula, Rubus, Dryas, Geum, Potentilla, Sibbaldia, Agrimonia, Spenceria and Sanguisorba in Rosoideae (Rosaceae) in China systematically are studied in the present paper. The above genera are with tricolporate pollen grains. The shape of the pollen grains vary from subspheroidal to prolate. The pollen grain size is (16 06～31 88)μm×(15 03～35 70)μm. Amb 3-lobed circular, colpi usually long but narrowed in two ends, rectangular form. The pollen grains of Sanguisorba filiformis are special for its very wide central party, and covering with elliptic colpal membrance. Sculptural types of the subfamily Rosoideae are presented as bellow: foveolate, foveolate striate, striate reticulate, striate and spinulate. The sculptural categories of pollens in Rosoideae are the most complicated, compared with other subfamily in Rosaceae. Together with the studies of the pollen morphology concerned in the subfamily of Rosoideae, several systematic questions are discussed.