中国海洋生物多样性的保护和管理对策

Marine biodiversity and conservation strategies in China

本文全面介绍了中国海洋物种多样性的现状，并分析其受到的人类影响和主要威胁。详细阐述了国家海洋局及其下属部门在海洋生物多样性保护管理中制定的有关政策、法规及行动计划，以及海洋生物多样性的科学调直研究及海洋生态环境监测体系建设，海洋自然保护区的建设与管理，海洋生物多样性可持续利用等方面的工作和进展。同时，在生物多样性管理现状的基础上，提出了包括预警系统与事故处理能力建设、将生物多样性保护管理纳入区域经济社会发展计划、建设生物多样性管理机构及法规之间的协调机制以及基于生态系统的生物多样性管理和公众参与等若干针对性的管理对策。

Present status of marine biodiversity as well as the impacts of human activities were analysed in thispaper. The policies, laws, and regulations formulated by the State Oceanic Administration for protecting andmanaging marine biodiversity were introduced. The paper also summarized the developmen of scientific investigations and researches on marine biodiversity, the construction of monitoring system on marine ecological environment, the management of marine nature reserves, and the sustainable use of marine biodiversity. On thebasis of the present situation, a series of management strategies were put forward: 1) to establish early warning system and to enhance the capacity for catastrophe handiing; 2) to integrate the management of biodiversity into the regional economic and social development program; 3) to coordinate efforts among institutions andlegislation on biodiversity management and 4) to manage biodiversity based on ecosystem function and publicparticipation.