试图找回遗弃的身份——论保尔·策兰诗文中的犹太互文性

Attempts at Seeking Lost Identity:On Paul Celan's Jewish Intertextuality in Poetry

德语诗人保尔·策兰的诗文自始至终都是那场人性灾难(大屠杀)的后果。1963年,出版诗集《无人玫瑰》,其中犹太元素和犹太互文出现的密度在其诗文中前所未有,彰显出诗人以前竭力遗弃和回避的犹太身份。《无人玫瑰》是诗人找回犹太身份的一次充满冒险和危险的尝试,一次不得已而为之的诗学行为,其结果是诗学的巨大成就和生命的彻底崩溃,策兰终其一生也未能找到真正的在家。

For Paul Celan the dark shadow of holocaust never faded away. This humanitarian tragedy brought the poet in to a ＂Jewish crisis＂, which was then intensified by the so-called Goll Affair and drove him to the brink of a nervous breakdown. In the depth of personal crisis Celan had no alternative but to seek his Jewish identity that he had always denied. Celan made a self-declaration as Jew for the first time in his collection The No One＇s Rose published in 1963. The poems are full of allusions to Jewish themes, and the typical intertextuality reflects the poet＇s intensive interaction with Nelly Sachs, Osip Mandelstam and Heinrich Heine. Exactly inspired by these Jewish poets sharing the common fate with him, Celan fully displayed his talent in overcoming the stigma of his Jewishness and achieved tremendous success in poetry. However, his desperate attempt at homecoming eventually proved to be a total failure.