《宠儿》的后现代黑奴叙事和历史书写

The Postmodern Slave Narrative and Historical Writing in Beloved

非裔美国文学史上的黑奴叙事传统源远流长,对内战以后的黑人文学产生重大影响。深受前辈作家熏陶的托妮·莫里森在鸿篇巨制《宠儿》中继承了黑奴叙事书写历史的传统,同时又将它融入到后现代语境之中。作品对奴隶制意识形态中的本质主义提出质疑,批判了"黑人动物性"的种族主义观点,从而解构了白人至上的历史书写模式。语言对黑人历史的建构至关重要:莫里森通过置换自我与他者的语言逻辑,实现主奴角色的转换;通过对"文化文本"的诠释,呈现"写在羊皮纸上的历史";通过多重叙述视角,聚合历史的真正意义。

Slave narrative, development of black literature dating back to antebellum America, had a profound influence on the In Beloved, slave narrative is applied to writing history by Toni Morrison, who inherited the black literary traditon and fused it with postmodern discourse. Essentialism in slavery is interrogated and the belief that Negroes are characteristic of animality is subverted. Thus, the historical writing of white supremacy is deconstructed. Language is vital in constructing black history： Language logic is shifted between Self and Other so that the roles of master and slave change; ＂ cultural text＂ is interpreted to show Palimpsest History; truths in history are demonstrated by multiple narratives.