西藏块菌属的分类研究

A TAXONOMIC STUDY OF THE GENUS TUBER IN XIZANG

首次报道产于西藏的块菌属３种，包括２个新种和１个新记录种。新种是刘氏块菌ＴｕｂｅｒｌｉｕｉＡ．Ｓ．Ｘｕｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和西藏块菌ＴｕｂｅｒｘｉｚａｎｇｅｎｓｅＡ．Ｓ．Ｘｕｓｐ．ｎｏｖ，新记录种是少孢块菌Ｔｕｂｅｒｏｌｉｇｏｓｐｅｒｍｕｍ（Ｔｕｌ．＆Ｃ．Ｔｕｌ．）Ｔｒａｐｐｅ．标本全部保存于西藏高原生态研究所标本室（ＨＸＺＥ）。

Three species of Tuber, including two new species and a new record to China, are reportedfrom Xizang (Tibet). Tuber liui A. S. Xu sp. nov. is very closely related to T. macrosporum Vitt. exceptwithout polygonal verrucae on the surface of ascocarp. Tuber xizangense A. S. Xu sp. nov. is similar to Tpuberulum Berk. & Br. in the long hairs up to 150um and globose ascospores, but differs in having thickerperidium and larger asci. The new species is also closed to T. rapaeodorum Tul., and T borchii Vitt. (= Talbidum Roc, sensu Ceruti 1960 and Moreno 1991). However, T rapaeodorum has clear veiny and ellipsoidsubglobose ascospores, and with a fairly strong smell; T borchii has peridium up to 500um thick in section andhyphae of inner peridium lip to 9um in diameter. T xizangense also differs from these allied species in constantcolor of peridium, unpitted surface of fruit, and obtuse apex of hairs. Tuber oligospermum (Tul. & C. Tul.)Trappe is a new record to China. Its peridial layer is filamentous and not pseudoparenchymatic, and the walls ofhyphae are slightly thickened. These characters easily distinguished it from T asa Tul. & C. Tul. and Tlevissimum Gilkey.The type specimens of new species are deposited in Herbarium of Xizang Institute of Plateau Ecology(HXZE), Linzhi (Nyingchi), Xizang (Tibet).