几类异质1B/1R易位型小麦雄性不育系细胞学特征的研究

Studies on cytological characteristic of several male sterile lines of alloplasmic 1B/1R wheat

利用中国春小麦的1B°IDN缺四体分别与具有粘果山羊草、易变山羊草和偏凸山羊草细胞质的1B／1R易位型小麦雄性不育系77（2）和8222杂交，同时采用C－分带技术对其F1体细胞中的1B／1R易位染色体进行鉴定分析，认为77（2）和8222中的1B／1R易位染色体仅是由1B的长臂及其着丝点和1R的短臂组成，不包括1RS上的随体。由于随体的丢失造成1B／1R染色体中的1RS顶端缺失，而且其断裂位点在不同材料中不同。大量室内实验和田间试验资料还表明，具有异源细胞质的1B／1R易位型小麦雄性不育系产生单倍体的频率与1RS顶端缺失片段的长度有关，其与1B°IDN杂交F1的育性表现为完全不育，认为具有这3种细胞质的1B／1R型小麦雄性不育系的主效恢复基因表现为单位点，即位于1BS上。

The male sterile lines of three alloplasmic 1B/1R wheat 77 (2) and 8222 with Aegilops kotschyi. Ae. variabilis and Ae. ventricosa were crossed with CS mullitetrasomic 1B°1DN, and their 1B/1R translocation chromosome of F1 was used to analysize by Cbanding. It was found that the 1BS chromosome of 77 (2) and 8222 was substltuted by 1RS chromosome in rye. But the satellite of 1RS was lost in translocation. The 1B/1Rchromosomes of 77(2) and 8222 were consist of 1BL with centromere and a segment of 1RS chromosome. The 1RS terminal deficiencies without satellite were different in two male sterile lines, 77(2) has longer 1RS translocation chromosome than that of 8222.These results suggested that the difference of hoploid frequency between sterile lines 77(2) and 8222 were relation to differences of terminal deficiency of 1RS. Meantime,according to the F1 fertility between the male sterile lines of these three alloplasmic 1B/1Rwheat and CS unllitetrasomic 1B°1DN,it was verified that there was only one fertilityrestoring gene that located on 1BS chromosome against these three alloplasmic in wheat.