小檗科鬼臼亚科种子大小变异式样及其生物学意义

Study on the seed weight and seed seize variation pattern and their biological sinificance in Podophylloideae (Berberidaceae)

分析了小檗科鬼臼亚科4个属代表植物桃儿七、川八角莲、南方山荷叶以及足叶草种子大小及其变异式样并对该变异式样的生物学意义予以了分析。结果显示：①在4种植物干种子中，以川八角莲最重，为3724±6．71mg，桃儿七次之，为36．56±4．54mg，足叶草最轻，为19．01±3．21mg，南方山荷叶较足叶草稍重，为23．22±3．26mg；②每种植物均存在一定比例的活力低下种子，其中以桃儿七最低，为1．0％，川八角莲最高，为6．0％，南方山荷叶与足叶草分别为4．5％及3．5％；③种子形态变异大小与传粉方式具有较大的关系，异花授粉植物种子形态变异较大，而自花授粉植物种子形态变异较小；④种子大小与植物生活环境有密切的关系，生活在稳定、荫蔽度高以及干旱生境中的种具有较大的种子，而生活在开旷、受干扰严重或潮湿生境中的种类具有较小的种子；桃儿七种子大小与海拔高度成负相关。⑤在种间，种子大小与植株产果数、果实大小以及果实内种子数量无明显的相关性，但一般与单株产种子数量成负相关；在种内，种子大小与果实内种子数成负相关，与果实大小成负相关。

The seed weight and seed size and their variation pattern of four species (including Sinopodophyllum hexandrum,Dyssosma veitchii,Diphylleia sinensis and Podophyllum peltatum) in Podophylloideae (Berberidaceae) have been detailly analysed,the result shows that: ① In the four species,Dysosma veitchii has biggest seed,the seed weight is 37. 24±6. 71mg,Sinopodophyllum hexandrum has smaller seed,its seed weight is 36.56±4.54mg:Podophyllum peltatum has smallest seed,the seed weight is 19. 01±3. 21mg,the seed of hohylleia sinensis is somewhat weight than that of Podophyllum pelta tum, its weight is 23.22±3. 26. ②All species contains a partion of nonviale seed,the percentage for Sinopodophyllum hexdrabum is 1.0%, fososma veilchii is 6.0%, DLphylleia sinensis is 5. o% and PodoPhyllu;n peltatum is 3. 5%. ③The variation pattern of seed size has close relationship with pollination,allogamy species has larger variation than that of autogamy species. ④Seed size and seed weight has close relationship with plant living environment, those species which 1iving in the environment of stable, less disturbed and high coverage degree has bigger and weighter seed than those living in open, frequent1y disturbed and damp environment. Different populations of a species have different seed weight,a example is that seed weight of Sinopodaphyllum hexandrum is close related with altitude,the higher altitude,the lighter of seed weight. ⑤Among species,seed weight has no obviously relationship with fruit number,fruit size and seednumber in the fruit,but the larger seed number a plant produces,the lighter is its seed weight. But within species,seed weight has close relationship with seed number in fruit,the more seed in a fruit,the lighter its seed weight,and usually the larger the fruit,the lighter seed it contains.