基于GIS的重庆市再生稻光热资源适宜性区划

GIS-BASED SUNSHINE AND HEAT RESOURCES ADAPTIVE REGIONALIZATION OF RATOON RICE IN CHONGQING AREA

根据四川盆地东南部再生稻生长发育、产量形成与气象条件的关系,结合重庆市气候资源特点,指出影响重庆再生稻的主要气候问题是:再生稻生育期间的光热条件、抽穗扬花期的低温阴雨和休眠芽萌发期的高温干旱。以此为基础,本文选取对再生稻生长发育及产量形成影响较大、且分布差异显著的气象因子:生育期间的积温和日照时数作为再生稻气候生态区划指标;在1∶25万DEM的基础上,利用ARCGIS软件计算得到区划指标的空间分布,制作了精细化的重庆市再生稻光热资源适宜性区划,将重庆市再生稻栽培区划分为光温丰富再生稻适宜栽培区、热量丰富光照较丰再生稻适宜栽培区、光照丰富热量较丰再生稻较适宜栽培区和光热较丰再生稻较适宜栽培区4种类型区,对各类型区气候资源和气象灾害特点进行了分区评述;并从再生稻与其它晚秋作物协调发展、年度种植计划制定、高产栽培等方面针对性地提出了对策措施建议,促进了重庆市再生稻生产的健康发展。

According to ratoon rice growth and yield formation with meteorological conditions in the southeast of Sichuan basin,light and heat conditions are the main climatic factors which influence the growth period of ratoon.The main meteorologic problems which influence the ratoon most are the continuous low temperature overcast and rainy day during the flowering stage or the high temperature and drought during the germination of dormant buds stage.Based on the analysis beforehand,the article selected accumulated temperature and sunshine duration during the growth of ratoon as the key indices of climatic types,which have significantly different spatial distribution by terrain and have the great influence on the ratoon growth and yield formation.The sunshine and heat resources adaptive regionalization of ratoon rice was made based on the spatial distribution of indices which was made based on the GIS and 1：250,000 DEM.The area suitable for cultivation were divided into four types based on the analysis.They were the region rich in heat and light,the region rich in heat and relatively rich in light,the region rich in light and relatively rich in heat,and the region relatively rich in light and heat.And characters of climate resources and meteorological disasters were also described by types too.Based on the above,the paper put forward the cultivation methods to increase production and the ways to develop ratoon with other late autumn crops in order to develop the ratoon rice more stable and reliable.