银川市幼儿园3～6岁儿童弱视现状调查

The Survey of Amblyopia among Children Aged 3～6 Years Old in Kindergartens of Yinchuan

目的探讨银川市幼儿园儿童弱视患病现状及弱视病因分类。方法对银川市126所幼儿园采用随机整群抽样的方法抽取27所幼儿园,采用Lea儿童图形视力表普查视力,对视力低于0.8的儿童进行眼前节、眼底及眼位的检查,再行阿托品睫状肌麻痹验光并将结果进行统计学分析。结果 5108名儿童中,弱视229名,占4.48%,不同年龄组儿童弱视检出率差异无统计学意义;其中轻度弱视178眼,占弱视的53.13%,中度弱视142眼,占42.39%,重度弱视15眼,占4.48%。不同程度弱视构成比差异有统计学意义;屈光不正性弱视135名,占58.95%,屈光参差性弱视60名,占26.20%,斜视性弱视25名,占10.92%,形觉剥夺性弱视9例,占3.93%。不同年龄组间弱视病因差异无统计学意义;229名弱视儿童中首次检出104名,首次检出率为45.41%。结论银川市幼儿园儿童弱视检查率较高,弱视病因以屈光不正性弱视居多。

Objective To explore the epidemic status of amblyopia in children and the cause classification of amblyopia in Yinchuan. Methods using randomized clustering sampling,27 kindergarten in Yinchuan were selected from 126 and Lea visual acuity chart was used for children to make a general investigation of the visual acuity. The children whose visual were under 0.8 took the examination of protomerite, fundus oculi, the po- sition of eye and optometry after cycloplegia by Atropine. Results Among 5108 children, there were 229 amblyopia children who accounted for 4.48%. No significant difference were found in amblyopia prevalence a- mong different age groups. Of the total amblyopia, mild amblyopia（ 178 eyes）had 53.13%, midrange amblyopia（ 142 eyes） had 42.39% and severe amblyopia（ 15 eyes） had 4.48%. there was significant difference in the amblyopia propotion of different level. Aetropia amblyopia（ 135 eyes） accounted for 58.95%, anisometropic amblyopia （ 60children ） accounted for 26. 20% , strabismic amblyopia （ 25 children ） accunted for 10. 92%, form deprivation amblyopia（9 children） accunted for 3.93%. There was no difference in the amblyopia etiology of different age group. 104 children were detected among 229 children with amblyopia for the first time, that accunted for 45.41%. 46 cases had received regulate treatment among 125 children diagnosed with amblyopia and accunted for 36.8%. Conclusion Preschool period is the best treatment time for children with amblyopia. Vision screening and health education on eye health should be carried out in the kindergarten for early detection and early treatment of children with amblyopia.