鹤庆县血吸虫病区氯硝柳胺泥敷灭螺效果观察

Effect of Snail Control by Using Soil Pasting Mixed With Niclosamide in Heqing County,Yunnan

目的观察氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐粉剂泥敷灭螺在云南鹤庆县血吸虫病流行区的应用效果。方法在鹤庆县血吸虫病流行重疫区金墩乡高原峡谷型西甸行政村和高原平坝型孝廉行政村选取钉螺分布较广、钉螺密度较高的自然村的重点自然片,分别于2008和2009年开展泥敷灭螺应用试验和灭螺效果观察,同时对氯硝柳胺药泥浸出液进行了现场和室内杀螺试验。结果 2008年泥敷灭螺区钉螺面积下降了98.26%,有螺框出现率下降了98.25%,活螺平均密度下降了98.28%;2009年泥敷灭螺区钉螺面积下降了91.77%,有螺框出现率下降了94.62%,活螺平均密度下降了96.63%;2009年泥敷区灭螺后30 d钉螺死亡率达到90.04%,60 d钉螺死亡率达到97.50%,90 d以后钉螺死亡率为100.00%;现场沟渠浸出液和室内药土浸出液杀螺试验显示,随着时间的延长钉螺的死亡率降低。结论氯硝柳胺泥敷灭螺效果较好,在钉螺分布为片状、钉螺密度高的重点自然片和地段具有一定的推广使用价值。

Objective To evaluate the effect of killing Oncomelania snails after soil pasting mixed with Niclosamide in the Schistosomiasis epidemic areas between Yunnan Heqing.Methods Some natural fields where snails were distributed widely and in high density,at West Austin village as plateau canyon and Xiaolian village as plateau Pingba in Jindun township of Heqing,were selected to carry out the test and observation of soil pasting on snail control in 2008 and 2009.While the mud leaching solution with niclosamide was also used to kill snails on field test and laboratory tests.Results In the year of 2008,the area of alive snail decreased by 98.26%,the rate of snail box appearing dropped by 98.25%,and the density of alive snail decreased by 98.28% on average.In 2009,the area of alive snail decreased by 91.77%,the rate of snail box appearing dropped by 94.62%,and the density of alive snail decreased by 96.63% on average;after deposited mud,the mortality rate of snail was 90.04% in 30 days,97.50% in 60 days,100.00% in 90 days;the killing snails experiment in laboratory by using field ditches soil leachate and soil leachate indoor showed that the mortality of snails dropped with the extension of time.Conclusions The effect of killing snails is good by soil pasting mixed with Niclosamide,and it is valuable to be popularized at the natrual fields and spots where snails distributed widely and in high density.