职业性噪声对陶瓷工人听力影响的初步分析及防护措施评价

Effect of Occupational Noise on Workers' Audition

目的分析陶瓷企业作业场所职业性噪声对工人的健康影响,探讨陶瓷企业噪声职业病危害有效防控措施,为防控噪声职业病危害提供科学依据。方法选择9家陶瓷企业接触噪声作业工人758名为噪声组,不接触噪声的同企业行政管理人员或其他作业工人116名为对照组,进行听力测定、心电图、血压等健康检查,并对噪声组与对照组之间健康检查结果进行分析。结果噪声组与对照组之间的听力、心电图、血压异常检出率比较差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);生产车间噪声超标率达67%。企业对防治职业性噪声存在布局不合理、减振降噪措施缺乏、劳动者个体防护缺失等不足。结论职业性噪声对劳动者听力、心血管系统产生影响,危害劳动者的身体健康。改进生产工艺,合理布局生产设备,落实减震降噪措施,加强劳动者个人防护,缩短接触噪声时间及定期进行健康检查对防控噪声职业病危害、保障劳动者健康具有积极意义。

Objective To analyze the impact of occupational noise to workers＇ health in the ceramics factory,probe prevention and control measures of occupational noise damage.Methods 758 workers were chosen as the noise exposure group,116 workers in the same factory with no noise exposure as control group.Health examination was carried out including BP,ECG and audition detection,the data were analyzed with SPSS 13.0.Results The detected rate of abnormality between two groups had statistically significant difference（P0.05）,the exceeding rate of noise in workshop was 67%.Some problems existed such as irrational distribution of equipments,the deficiency of vibration and noise reduction and the lack of personal protection.Conclusion Occupational noise affects the workers＇ hearing and cardiovascular system.Measures should be improved including production technology improvement,rational distribution of equipments,vibration and noise reduction,enhancing personal protection,shortening the period of noise exposure and routine health examination.