不同保水措施对南方季节性干旱区春玉米的影响

Effects of Different Water-retaining Measures on Spring Maize in South Seasonal Drought Region

为缓解日益严重的南方季节性干旱危害,选取目前生产上相对实用的干旱防控技术措施,通过对春玉米干旱胁迫试验,模拟季节性干旱的发生,研究探讨了南方季节性干旱区域地膜覆盖(FM)、稻草覆盖(SM)、保水剂(SAP)和对照(无处理,CK)对春玉米保水抗旱及产量的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,FM、SM、SAP同期土壤含水量最大分别增加了28.1%、13.55%和11.37%,叶绿素含量分别提高了26.1%、12.8%和10.2%,植株地上部全氮(N)、全钾(K)含量均显著高于CK,产量显著增加了33.80%、25.87%和13.59%。FM还显著提高了土壤温度,加快了玉米的生育进程,生育期缩短了6 d。上述结果说明,地膜覆盖能使玉米提早成熟,有利于避旱减灾,同时3种保水措施均能通过保蓄土壤水分,缓解季节性干旱危害,实现玉米增产增收。

In order to alleviate the increasing serious drought harm in south seasonal drought region,the effects of film mulching（FM）,straw mulching（SM）,super absorbent polymers（SAP） and without any treatment（CK） on yield and mechanism of water-saving,drought-resistant spring maize by simulating the occurrence of seasonal drought in this paper.The results showed that compared with the CK,the soil moisture was increased 28.10%,13.55% and 11.37% when using FM,SM and SAP,respectively.Meanwhile the chlorophyll contents of corn leaves were increased 26.10%,12.80%,10.20%,respectively.The acumination of plant nutrients,such as the total nitrogen and potassium,were significantly higher under FM,SM and SAP conditions than the control.The yields of spring maize were increased by 33.80%,25.87% and 13.59%,respectively.As a result,the soil temperature was increased and the whole growing period of spring maize was shortened with 6d by using FM.The above results indicated that the spring maize was of early maturity,thus could avoid drought harm by using FM.At the same time,the increased soil moisture could relieve the hazard of seasonal drought,so the yield of spring maize was promoted by FM,SM and SAP.