从隐私权角度论人身强制处分

On Physical Compulsory Measures from the Perspective of the Privacy Right

涉及人身的强制处分直接干预了犯罪嫌疑人的人身隐私领域。从隐私权角度研究人身强制处分,可以忽略差别、把握本质,系统地对搜查、人身检查、鉴定等相互关联的强制处分进行理论梳理。个人的身体隐私权旨在维护与人身相关的人格尊严。为保障刑事诉讼中犯罪嫌疑人对其身体享有的人格尊严,立法者应当依据比例原则并发展出具体的考察指标,用以权衡强制处分涉及的隐私利益和执法利益,设定不同的干预门槛。对于涉及人身的强制处分,还应当建立直接强制的审查基准。只有通过三段式审查的强制处分,才能由侦查机关运用强制力施行。对未通过三段式审查的强制处分,侦查机关不可实施直接强制,但刑事诉讼法应当允许司法机关通过间接制裁,以获取相对人的同意。

Since physical compulsory measures will directly infringe the privacy of suspects, studying on physical compulsory measures from the perspective of the privacy right helps systematically understand the interrelationship among search, body examination and authentication by grasping the essence and overlooking the insignificant differences. The individual’s right to physical privacy aims to safeguard the human dignity in regard with physical body. Thus legislators should develop specific indicators under the principle of proportionality and different threshold standards for interference in compulsory measures so as to balance the conflict between the protection of suspect’s privacy and enforcement of law. To impose physical compulsory measures with direct force, an examination standard with three stages should be set up in order to restrict investigation organs to exercise direct force. However, the Criminal Procedure Law should authorize judicial organs to impose indirect sanctions to obtain the consent of the individual concerned.