影响窝箱环境的因素及窝箱温度与仔貂早期死亡率的关系

Factors Affecting the Cage Environment and the Relationship Between Cage Temperature and Early Kit Mortality

本研究旨在探讨影响妊娠期、哺乳期窝箱温度的因素和窝箱环境与仔貂早期死亡率的关系。选用160只已配种的大连金州水貂,按配种日期和体重随机分为6组,即新型窝箱(A、AB、AC、AD)和传统窝箱(B1、B2),测定不同外界环境条件下水貂分娩前后窝箱的箱内温度,调查统计分娩后1～14日龄内仔貂的死亡率,利用曲线回归分析各组窝箱内温度和相对湿度的变化规律。结果表明:①妊娠期新型窝箱内温度高于传统窝箱B1组,尤其在外界环境温度较低时差异显著(P<0.05);传统窝箱内的湿度高于新型窝箱。②哺乳期新型窝箱的箱内温度高于传统窝箱B1组,B2组箱内温度高于B1组;各组窝箱内湿度相差不大。③新型窝箱的仔貂平均死亡率低于传统窝箱B1组,B2组仔貂平均死亡率低于B1组。结论:新型窝箱的保温性能优于传统窝箱,妊娠期的窝箱温度主要受外界环境温度和窝箱保温性能的影响。哺乳期的窝箱温度主要受母貂母性强弱、窝箱保温性能、外界环境温度因素的影响;窝箱温度维持在12℃以上能明显降低仔貂因体温过低而死亡的概率。

The objective of this study was to discuss the factors that affect the cage temperature and assess the effects of cage temperature on mortality rate of early kit＇s life.The Experiment was conducted to select 160 mating minks and made up of 6 treatments in term of mating date and body weight.Individually housed female mink had either new types including A,AB,A and AD or traditional types including B1 and B2 respectively.We measured the cage temperature of the new types（A,AB,AC,AD） and traditional types（B1,B2） in different envi-ronmental climate,at the same time we assessed the mortality rate of new born minks during 1 to 14 day before parturition.We analyze the cage temperature pattern through curve estimation.The result indicated that ：① In pregnancy the cage temperature of newtypes were high-er than the traditional types,sometimes appeared significant difference（P0.05） when the environment temperature was low.The newtype cages had a lower humidity and better heat-insulating property than the traditional type cages.② In nursing period the cage temperature of newtypes were higher than the traditional B1 types,B2 temperature was higher than B1 as well;There was no significant difference on hu-midity between treatments.③ The average kit mortality of new types cages were lower than the traditional type＇s,at the same time that B2 kit average mortality was lower than B1.The extent of cage temperature was mainly determined by the environment temperature and the cage heat-insulating property,The cage temperature was mainly determined by the maternity and heat-insulating property and environ-ment climate.The cage box temperature continued above 12℃ could reduce the mortality of kit early life significantly.