功利主义的德性伦理可行性探索

A Feasible Attempt of the Construction of Utilitarian Virtues Ethics

功利主义思想由于缺乏对行动者问题的关注而受到德性伦理等相关伦理思想的批判,但行动者中心的伦理理论又不是自明的。在分析功利主义的特征以及以伯纳德.威廉斯为代表的德性伦理思想家对功利主义忽视"个人完整性"的批判的基础上,我们可以放弃作为决策程序的功利主义,保留功利主义作为一种正当性标准,通过改进黑尔的道德思维层次理论使道德思维的直觉层次与反思层次分别关系于行为者与行为,使功利主义在道德教育和制度设计等方面发挥引导行为倾向、塑造道德人格的作用,可以看做是构建功利主义的德性伦理的一种可行性尝试。

Utilitarianism today often gets criticized by many people such as virtues ethical theorists due to its lacking concern of the agent issue,while agent-center ethical theories are not self-evident.Via analyses the so-called ＂neglect of the personal integrity＂ criticism by Bernard Williams,this paper attempts to find a way to combine agent and action with an improved version of Hare＇s two levels of moral thinking theory,and abandon the idea of seeing Utilitarianism as a decision-making procedure,but accept it as a standard of moral decency.Then Utilitarianism can put a huge influence on moral education and the design of social institution.This can be seen as a feasible attempt of the construction of utilitarian virtues ethics.