论哈耶克文化演进论

On the Major Ideas of Hayek′s Cultural Evolutionism

哈耶克的文化演进论主要建立在他的自生自发秩序观基础之上。从他的自生自发秩序观出发,其文化演进论的要旨可以概括为:基于自生自发的秩序观,文化的演进在于社会成员的自发性互动而非精英的理性建构,故反对文化上的理性建构主义;基于合作与竞争的自生自发秩序观,文化的演进在于与其他文化的合作和竞争而非封闭和排外,故反对文化上的排外主义;基于一般正当行为规则的自生自发秩序观,文化的演进在于有容乃大而非唯我独尊,故反对文化上的唯我主义;基于文化传统的自生自发秩序观,文化的演进在于渐进性变革而非激进性革命,故反对文化上的激进主义。

Hayek′s cultural evolutionism is based principally on his views of spontaneous order,whose major ideas can be concluded as follows： on the basis of the spontaneous order,cultural evolution lies in people′s spontaneous interaction rather than the elites′ rationalistic construction,so we should oppose cultural rationalistic constructivism;on the basis of the cooperative and competitive spontaneous order,cultural evolution lies in cooperation and competition with other cultures rather than isolationism and exclusionism,so we should oppose cultural exclusionism;on the basis of the spontaneous order constituted by the universal rules of just individual conduct,cultural evolution lies in tolerance rather than egoism,so we should oppose cultural egoism;on the basis of the spontaneous order rooted in cultural tradition,cultural evolution lies in gradual reform rather than radical revolution,so we should oppose cultural radicalism.