铜仁地区特色烟叶生态适应性研究

Investigation of Characteristic Tobacco's Ecological Adaptability in Tongren

针对烟草生产环境,以有代表性的土壤和水样指标为对象,面向贵州省铜仁地区的4个县（德江、思南、石阡、江口）,采取随机抽样的调查取样方法,每县抽取3个能代表全县烟叶生产水平、并代表一种典型生态条件的乡镇作为样本来源,分析了土壤养分和水质指标。结果表明,全区土壤含氮量平均2.67 g/kg,含氮丰富;水解氮大于150 mg/kg,为极丰富;土壤速效磷平均为29.91 mg/kg,各个采样点的速效磷含量均超出了最适宜范围（5~15 mg/kg）;土壤有机质含量平均为17.83 g/kg,中等;土壤pH值范围在6.1~7.1,适合种植烟草;水质各指标均符合国家标准,对烤烟生长无大的影响。大田可利用日照时间均在150 d以上,最高达194 d,因此,烤烟种植时段具有较大的可选择范围。

To determine the tobacco production environment,the study chooses the representative soil and water quality as samples.Using Random Sample Collection in Large Scale method,soil and water samples have been analyzed.Those samples were collected from three villages and towns those can represent the average tobacco production and classic ecology environments in each of the four county（Dejiang,Sinan,Shiqian and Jiangkou）.The conclusions were as following：average soil nitrogen content in whole area was 2.67 g/kg;Hydrolysable nitrogen content was more than 150 mg/kg and was very abundant;Average available phosphorus content was 29.91 mg/kg,values detected in every sample collection spots were higher than the appropriate range（5-15 mg/kg）;areas with the best available K content of soil were 37.1%,areas with lack and extremely lack of available K content in soil were 22.2%;The average content of soil organic matter was 17.83 g/kg;range of pH value of soil was 6.1-7.1,which is suitable for tobacco＇s growth;Indicators of water quality were lower than the national stander which has no significant effect to tobacco＇s growth.Available days in field were above 150 d,up to 194 d.The period was long enough for tobacco culture.