烟草种植对土壤养分特征的影响

Effects of Tobacco Cultivation on Nutrient Characteristics of Soil

通过研究2种不同土地利用模式下的土壤养分特征,分析了烟草种植后土壤养分特征的变化情况,结果表明：烟草种植增加了土壤缓效K、速效K、速效P、有效Cu和有效Fe的含量,分别增加28.7%、14.3%、44.8%、6.1%、25.8%;降低了土壤有机质、速效N、有效Mn、有效Zn含量,分别降低了26.6%、25.8%、17.6%、14.9%。未种植烟草时土壤有机质含量与土壤pH、缓效K、速效K、速效N、速效P、有效Cu、有效Mn、有效Fe之间均呈显著正相关,经过2 a的烟草种植,有机质与pH、缓效K、速效K、速效P之间已无显著相关性。种植烟草后有机质、速效N降低主要集中在20~40 cm土层,有效Zn、有效Mn含量降低主要集中在20~60 cm土层,缓效钾、速效钾、速效磷、有效Fe在40~100 cm土层明显增加。表明烟草生产过程,土壤有机质、氮素、Zn、Mn供应略显不足,P、K未能充分利用而在土壤中富集。

In this paper,soil nutrient characteristics of 2 different land use patterns were studied,and the variation of soil nutrient characteristics after tobacco cultivation was analyzed.Theresults showed that,contents of slowly available K and available K,P,Cu and Fe were allenhanced,while contents of soil organic matter and available N,Mn and Zn were depressed after tobacco cultivation.The soil organic matter had a significant positive correlation with pH,slowly available K,available K,N,P,Cu,Mn and Fe without tobacco cultivation,while no significant correlation was observed between soil organic matter and pH,slowly available K,available K and P after 2-year cultivation of tobacco.After tobacco cultivation,the contents of soil organic matter and available N decreased mostly in layer 20-40 cm,available Zn and Mn decreased mostly in layer 20-60 cm,while the contents of slowly available K,available K,P,and Fe obviously increased in soil layer 40-100 cm.It implied slight insufficient supply of organic matter,N,Zn and Mn fertilizers,butenrichment of P and K resulted from inadequate utilization during the cultivation of tobacco.