紫云英还田对土壤肥力、水稻产量及其经济效益的影响

Effect of Incorporation of Astragalus sinicus on Soil Fertility,Rice Yield and Economic Efficiency

为研究紫云英还田与配施不同量化肥对土壤肥力、水稻产量、产量构成要素以及经济效益的影响,采用田间小区试验,设置了不施肥(CK)、仅施当地常规化肥施用量(G0N225P135K135)、紫云英还田与当地常规化肥施用量的100%、80%、60%、40%配施(GN225P135K135、GN180P108K108、GN135P81K81、G90P54K54)6个处理。结果表明,紫云英与不同量化肥配施,均能明显提高耕层土壤有效氮、有效磷、有效钾和有机质的含量。且紫云英与当地常规施肥量100%、80%、60%、40%配施,稻谷产量比仅施化肥处理分别增产4.5%、5.2%、2.8%、0.5%,其中,80%化肥量与紫云英配施的产量显著高于仅施化肥处理(P<0.05)。同时紫云英和80%、60%当地常规施肥量配施,其总净收益均高于仅施化肥的处理。从稻谷产量、净收益和产投比及环境友好性综合来看,紫云英还田与当地化肥施用量的80%和60%配施是最优组合。

A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of incorporation of Astragalus sinicus combined with different amounts of chemical fertilizers on soil fertility,rice yield components and the yield and economic efficiency.The experiment included six treatments： no fertilizer（CK）,only application of chemical fertilizers（G0N225P135K135）,incorporation of Astragalu sinicus（22 500 kg/ha） with 100%,80%,60%,or 40% of locally traditional amounts of chemical fertilizers applied（GN225P135K135,GN180P108K108,GN135P81K81,GN90P54K54）.The results showed incorporation of Astragalus sinicus with different amounts of chemical fertilizers above significantly improved the contents of available N,P,K and organic matter in the topsoil layer,and enhanced the index of rice yield components,which resulted in higher yields.The yield was increased by 4.5%,5.2%,2.8% and 0.5% compared with the G0N225P135K135 treatment separately for the treatments of GN225P135K135,GN180P108K108,GN135P81K81 and GN90P54K54,especially for the treatment of GN180P108K108,which yield was significantly higher than the G0N225P135K135 treatment（P0.05）.Higher net income and ratio of net income to total outlay were observed under the treatments of GN180P108K108 and GN135P81K81 than locally regular fertilization（G0N225P135K135）.From the viewpoint of rice yield,net income,ratio of net income to total outlay and the environment,the incorporation of Astragalu sinicus at 22 500 kg per hectare with 80% or 60% of locally traditional amount of chemical fertilizers should be popularized in Xingyang,Henan province.