厦门市行道树芒果和高山榕叶面尘理化特性研究

Study on Foliar Dust's Physicochemical Characteristics of Mangifera indica and Ficus altissima Trees on Roads

选取滨海城市厦门的沧虹路(工业区)、仙岳路(商贸区)、厦门大学(文教区)和汀溪水库(农业区)4个功能区为研究对象,对该市主要行道树种芒果和高山榕的滞尘能力、叶面尘粒径分布以及叶面尘水溶性离子含量进行测定,比较不同树种的环境滞尘效应。结果显示:芒果和高山榕单位叶面积滞尘量分别为(2.2020±1.08)g.m-2和(1.2979±0.61)g.m-2,芒果显著高于高山榕(P<0.05);高山榕总体上比芒果更易吸附较小粒径颗粒物;受车流量大及道路施工的影响,商贸区滞尘量较大但颗粒偏大,工业区不仅滞尘量大且粒径偏小,说明工业区粉尘污染状况比其他功能区严重;2个树种的叶面尘来源基本一致,主要为海盐颗粒、机动车尾气以及燃煤,其中商贸区和工业区受自然源影响较其他功能区大,文教区和工业区交通尾气对叶面尘来源的贡献高于农业区。

This paper chose Canghong Road（industrial area）,Xianyue Road（business area）,Xiamen University（cultural and educational area）,and Tingxi reservoir（agricultural area）in the southeast coastal city,Xiamen,China as study sites,and foliar dust of Mangifera indica and Ficus altissima were collected to measure dust retention capacity of the two species,distribution of different particle sizes and the amount of different water-soluble ions for comparing different species environmental dust retention capacities.The results showed that：1） dust retention per area unit of Ficus altissima was significantly lower than that of Mangifera indica（P0.05）,the amount of dust retention by Mangifera indica and Ficus altissima were 2.2020±1.08 g/m2 and 1.2979±0.61 g/m2,respectively.2） On the whole,the particle sizes of Ficus altissima foliar dust were lower than that of Mangifera indica.3） Affected by the higher vehicle flowrate and pavement construction,foliar dust in business area had a higher amount with larger particle size.industrial area had higher amount but finer particles,illustrating that dust pollution in industial area was much more serious.4） The main sources of Mangifera indica foliar dust were generally consistent with those of Ficus altissima,which were mainly from sea salt,mobile emissions,and fuel coal.5） Natural source affected business area and industrial area more than other sites,however,foliar dust in cultural and educational area and industrial area were affected by traffic source more than agricultural area,etc.