不同环境下油菜籽饼粕甘氨酸含量的发育遗传机理研究

Studies on developmental genetic mechanisms for glycine content of rapeseed meal(Brassic napus L.) in different enviroments

采用条件和非条件遗传分析方法,利用两年的试验数据,分析了油菜籽胚(子叶)、细胞质和母体植株等不同遗传体系的遗传主效应及环境互作效应对油菜籽饼粕甘氨酸含量的影响。结果显示,不同发育时期的甘氨酸含量的表现受不同遗传体系的遗传主效应和环境互作效应的控制,以环境互作效应为主。在不同遗传体系的基因效应中,除花后36 d的胚效应较大外,各发育时期以母体效应为主导,母体显性主效应和加性互作效应起主要作用。条件遗传分析表明,控制甘氨酸含量表现的数量基因在中期和前期表达最为活跃;中期的净遗传效应最大,大量的微效多基因被激活表达。油菜籽饼粕甘氨酸含量的狭义遗传率较高,多数发育时期是以母体和细胞质两部分的遗传率为主。在低世代时,根据母体植株油菜籽甘氨酸含量的总体表现进行选择,可望取得较好的效果。

Both conditional and unconditional analysis methods were applied to estimate the genetic main effects and the genotype × environment（GE） interaction effects of embryo（cotyledon）,cytoplasm and maternal plant at different developmental periods after anthesis on glycine content（GC） of rapeseed meal using two-year experimental data.The results showed that glysine content in rapeseed meal was simultaneously controlled by the genetic main effects and their GE interaction effects from different genetic systems,especially for the GE interaction effects.Therefore,the expression of genes conferring GC in the different genetic systems could be significantly influenced by the environment.Except for the embryo effects at 36 day after flowering was larger among the different genetic components,both maternal dominance effects and maternal additive interaction effect were more visible.The conditional statistical analysis revealed that the new expression of quantitative genes on GC trait was active both at early and medium-term of rapeseed development stages,especially at medium-term stage the net genetic effects on glysine content reached a relatively higher value,due to a lager number of polygenes actively expressed.The total narrow sense heritability of GC was high,of which the maternal and cytoplasmic heritability were important during rapeseed development.It was suggested that GC could be efficiently improved when selection is based on the holistic performance of mature maternal plants at early generations.