德国工科大学模式:轨迹、特征与价值

The Mode of German University of Technology:Track,Characteristics and Significance

德国研究型大学不能满足工业化的要求,这为工科大学登上德国高等教育舞台提供了"契机"。文章通过对工科大学发展轨迹的梳理,论述其发展过程的特点,即工业化的外在助推,工商官员的改革推进,工科大学的"内在自觉",多方力量的商议妥协。德国工科大学具备如下4个显著特征:系科设立与工业化的适切性,课程内容与工商界的紧密性,科学研究与技术研究相结合,政府、社会和学校三方互动。它为工业化培养了大批高级技术人才,拓展了德国大学模式,成为大学模式多元发展的范本。

Research universities in Germany cannot meet the industrial requirement,which provides the ＂Opportunity＂ for university of technology to stage on German higher education.Based on combing the development track of the University of Technology,this paper discusses the characteristics of the development process,which is the external boosting of industrialization,reform of industry and commerce officials,＂Inner Consciousness＂ of University of Technology,negotiated compromise of multi-force.German University of Technology has four remarkable features： suitability of department establishment and industrialization,tightness of curriculum contents and the business circles,combination of scientific research and technological study,tripartite interaction of government,society and schools.It cultivates a large number of senior technical personnel for industrialization,expands the German university mode,and becomes the template of the diverse development of university mode.