气候变化视角下森林碳汇法律保障的制度选择

Choices of Legal Protection System of Forest Carbon Sink under Climate Changes

森林碳汇是国际社会应对气候变化的重要举措,在国际法的框架之下,国内法如何对森林碳汇提供切实的法律保障,即国内法在应对森林碳汇方面如何做出具体的法律制度选择,是我国森林法制建设中的迫切问题。森林碳汇的法律制度选择应当体现森林生态学的规律,从森林培育的角度,法律制度的选择包括植树造林制度、封山育林制度、退耕还林制度;从森林保护的角度,法律制度的选择包括森林防火制度、森林病虫害防治制度、人为毁林的预防和惩处制度;从森林的可持续经营管理角度,法律制度的选择包括森林分类经营制度、森林碳汇交易制度、森林采伐制度、森林保险制度和森林认证制度。

Forest carbon sink is one of the most important measures taken by international communities to cope with climate changes.Under the framework of international laws,how domestic laws provide forest carbon sink with effective legal protections,in another word,how domestic laws choose specific legal systems to deal with forest carbon sink,is a compelling problem lying in our country＇s forest legal system construction.The choices of legal system of forest carbon sink should reflect the laws of forest ecology.From the perspective of forest cultivation,the choices of legal system include afforestation system,system for the enclosure of hillside for forest cultivation,system for returning cultivated land to forest;from the perspective of forest protection,the choices of legal system include forest fire prevention system,forest disease and insect pest prevention system,human deforestation prevention and punishment system;and from the perspective of sustainable forest management,the choices of legal system include classified forest management system,forest carbon-sink trade system,forest logging system,forest insurance system and forest certification system.