黄炎培“实用主义”职业教育思想探析

Research on the Thoughts of Huang yan-pei "Pragmatic" Vocational Education

近代教育改革始于晚清末年,新教育之振兴的目的是维护天朝之国威与皇权之稳;延至民国初年,国家主义的教育宗旨也延续下来,只是教育宗旨中"国家"的内涵在逐渐变化。实用主义和职业教育的兴起便是这种变化的结果之一。黄炎培职业教育思想最可贵之处在于职业教育之兴起虽是国家主义教育理念体现之一,但他的思想着重关注了中西教育理念的差异,并且他一直致力于倡导和发动社会底层民众自觉接受技能教育的意识和行动,以上贡献都将启发今天的职业教育实践:职业教育不应该只是差等生教育,而要面向那些没有太多经济能力但他们需要接受教育的社会大众。从这个意义上说,职业教育的精神应该类似于现今的终身学习理想。

Education Reforms began in the late Qing Dynasty.The purpose of the revitalization of the new education is to maintain imperial stability of the national prestige and imperial power;Early Republic,Nationalism is also a continuation of the educational purpose,in the Educational purposes only ＂national＂ is in the gradual change in the meaning.The rise of pragmatism and vocational education is a result of this change.In Huang yan-pei vocational education thought,the most valuable is that the rise of vocational education philosophy reflects the Nationalistic Education,But his thoughts focus on differences between Chinese and Western educational philosophy,and he has been committed to promoting and launching the bottom of society＇s awareness and action to consciously accept the skills education,These contributions will inspire today＇s practice of vocational education： Vocational education should not just on the education of students with poor academic results,and for those who do not have much to afford,but they need public education.In this sense,the spirit of vocational education should be similar to today＇s ideal of lifelong learning.