论人类思维的五种基本形态

On Five Basic Patterns in Human Thinking

人类的思维是一个有机整体,可以划分为五种基本形态,依次是宗教思维、哲学思维、科学思维、数学思维、艺术思维。它们各有自己的本质规定,具有独特的存在形态和意义。从所研究的内容来看,人类的思维可以划分为宗教、哲学、科学三种形态:宗教奠基于世界的神秘性,哲学立足于世界的可理解性,科学则依赖于存在的可确证性。宗教思维是最早产生的思维形态,哲学思维从宗教思维形态中分化出来,科学思维又从哲学思维形态中分化出来。从所研究的途径来看,人类的思维可以划分为哲学、数学、艺术三种形态:哲学从质的途径切入对事物的把握,数学从量的途径切入对事物的把握,艺术从既综合质与量又将质与量赋形的途径切入对事物的把握。哲学的质是纯粹的质,数学的量是纯粹的量,都具有形而上的性质;艺术则是形而上与形而下的统一。哲学思维具有超越性、批判性、反思性等根本特征,各种思维形态均具有各自的独特性、不可替代性,从而人类的思维具有整体性、复杂丰富性、多层次多极性等特征。

Human thinking is an organic whole which can be divided into five basic states.They are as follow： thinking of religion,thinking of philosophy,thinking of science,thinking of mathematics,thinking of art.They have their essence and they are of the state and significance special.From the content of them,human thinking can be divided into religion,philosophy and science.Religion is based in the mysteriousness of world,philosophy is based on the Comprehensibility of world,and science relies on the confirmation of beings.Religious thinking is the earliest,philosophical thinking is produced from Religious thinking,and scientific thinking is produced from philosophical thinking.From the way of study,human thinking can be divided into philosophy,mathematics and art.Philosophy grasps things from the way of quality,mathematics grasps things from the way of quantity and art grasps things the unity of quality and quantity.The quality of philosophy is the pure quality,the quantity of mathematics is the pure quantity,both are of metaphysic property,and art is the unity of metaphysic and physic.As philosophic thinking has the fundamental property of being exceeding,criticism and reflection,and each state of thinking possesses the characteristics of uniqueness and irreplaceablity,human thinking has the properties of wholeness,rich complexity and multi-levels.