50473例输血前传染性指标检测结果分析及其分布

Result analysis and distribution of contagious serum markers of 50473 patients before blood transfusion

目的调查患者输血前传染性指标的阳性率和各科室阳性率分布情况,做好医院内交叉感染的预防工作。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对50473例患者输血前进行乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)、丙型肝炎病毒抗体(抗-HCV)、人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体(抗-HIV1/2)、梅毒螺旋体抗体(抗-TP)检测并按年度和科室做统计学分析。结果 50473例患者中,HBsAg、抗-HCV、抗-HIV1/2、抗-TP的阳性率分别为10.9%、1.02%、0.05%、0.89%;丙型肝炎在高频率输血的科室和医疗损伤可能性较大的科室阳性率明显高于该院阳性率,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论患者抗-HCV、抗-HIV1/2、抗-TP的阳性率有逐年上升的趋势;输血前传染指标检测能更好地控制医院感染,预防血源性医院感染的发生。

Objective To investigate the positive rate of contagious serum markers and its distribution in different departments of the hospital before blood transfusion,in order to prevent nosocomial cross infection.Methods The contagious markers,including HBsAg,anti-HCV,anti-HIV1/2 and anti-TP,were detected in 50 473 patients before blood transfusion by enzyme-1inked immunoabsorbent assay（ELISA）.Positive rates were analyzed statistically.Results The positive rates of HBsAg,anti-HCV,anti-HIV1/2 and anti-TP were 10.9%,1.02%,0.05% and 0.89%,respectively.The positive rate of HCV was more higher in department of high frequency transfusion and possibility medical injury than in hospital.The disparity was significant（P0.01）.Conclusion The positive rates of patients with anti-HCV,anti-HIV1/2 and anti-TP increase year by year.Determination of contagious serum markers of patients before blood transfusion can control nosocomial infection and prevent haematogenous nosocomial infection.