塔里木盆地英买力—哈拉哈塘地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩岩溶型储层特征及成因

Characteristics and Genesis of Ordovician Carbonate Karst Reservoir in Yingmaili-Halahatang Area,Tarim Basin

塔里木盆地近期获得重大突破的英买力—哈拉哈塘地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩油气藏在很大程度上受岩溶型储层发育的控制,深入总结其储层特征及成因机制对油气勘探开发具有重要意义。通过大量的岩芯、薄片、阴极发光、常规测井、成像测井及测试分析等资料进行综合研究,认为该区储层的基质孔渗极差,难以形成有利的储集空间,而次生孔隙(溶蚀孔洞、洞穴、裂缝等)构成了该区的主要储集空间。裂缝—孔洞型、孔洞型储集层优势发育,是最有勘探价值的储集层。(准)同生岩溶作用、层间岩溶作用、顺层岩溶作用、潜山岩溶作用、埋藏溶蚀作用是英买力—哈拉哈塘地区奥陶系岩溶储层发育的最主要成因,各种岩溶作用多期叠加、改造形成复合型优质岩溶储层。通过对岩溶作用过程的分析,认为储层的原生孔隙和沉积相带是次生孔隙形成的基础条件,岩溶作用是控制储层发育的主要因素,构造运动产生的裂缝是促进岩溶发育、控制储集体发育分布的关键因素。

The carbonate karst reservoir in Yingmaili-Halahatang area which gained breakthrough recently in Tarim Basin was controlled by lithology, karstification and tectonic evolution. So, it is very important to study the characteristics and genesis of the reservoir for the exploration and development. Based on the cores, normal thin sections, cast thin sections, cathodoluminescence, FMI and testing data, the proto-pores and permeability of the Ordovician carbonate karst reservoir in the study area were poor, and itg difficult to form favorable reservoir space. However, the sec- ond pores, for example, solution pores, cavities and fractures constitute the main reservoir space, and their heterogeneity in the vertical and horizontal distribution is very strong. Reservoir space according to the combination of characteristics of the Ordovician reservoir is divided into four categories： rugs, fracture-vuggy, cavern, fracture. The types of Yingmaili area are mostly fracture and fracture-cavern, while the types of Halabatang area are vuggy and fracture-vuggy. Overall, fracture-vuggy and vuggy reservoir developed preponderantly, and they were the most excellent reservoir. Penecontemporaneous karstification, intra-strata karstification, along-strata karstification, buried-hill karstification, burial dissolution was the main genesis of the carbonate karst reservoir in Yingmaili-Halahatang area. And complex and pronounced superimposed karstification made the reservoir finally becoming potential excellent one. During the depositional period of the short-term cyclical falling in sea level, the unconsolidated carbonate sediment on the high parts of the ancient landscape exposed over the sea level to form a fabric choice of porous layer stack for further transformation of karstification as a foundation by the affection of fresh water dissolution. At the end of the Yijianfang Formation and Lianglitage Formation, Tabei area was uplifted as a whole by compression structure of Tarim Basin, making the stratified rock exposed on the surface, and controlled by the intra-strata karstification, a large number of non-fabric selective dissolution pores and dissolved fracture were formed in the depth of 130 meters under exposed surface of the top of Yijianfang Formation, and becoming an important reservoir intervals. Before Silurian sedimentation, Tabei uplift as a whole exposed on the surface, making the study area with varying degrees of erosion. The area on the north of Sangtamu pinch-out underwent buried-hill karstification forming fractured reservoir. Meanwhile, the area on the south of Sangtamu pinch-out underwent along-strata karstification with porous layer by early penecontemporaneous karstification and intra-strata karstification, and the buried-hill region was the fresh water supply source, and these made the reservoir of the region being optimized. After Hercynian, the reservoir buried in a shallow-deep relatively closed diagenesis environment, the interaction between the acid stratum water and the rock under long-term buried environment resulted from of diagenesis differed from that resulted in the fresh water and marine environment, and burial dissolution occurred with cementation, and that made the early reservoir reconstructed to further increase the heterogeneity of the reservoir. Some of the high angle fractures and net tiny fractures during the Himalayan which were mostly unfilled adjusted the reservoir with a certain contribution. With the study of karstification process, it is pointed that the proto-pores and the sedimentary facies were the basic factors of second pores forming, and karstifications were the main factors which controlled the reservoir development, and fractures during the tectonic evolution were the key factors which accelerated the reservoir development arid controlled its distribution.