软质冬小麦品种籽粒蛋白质含量的遗传分析

Inheritance of grain protein content in soft red wheat cultivars

为了给软质小麦品种选育提供依据,利用7个蛋白质含量有一定差异的软质冬小麦品种为亲本,按Griffing双列杂交法Ⅱ配制21个杂交组合,研究了小麦籽粒蛋白质含量的遗传。结果表明,在7个软质冬小麦品种中,宁麦9号籽粒蛋白质含量的一般配合力最好,能极显著地降低杂种后代的籽粒蛋白质含量。小麦籽粒蛋白质含量的遗传符合加性-显性模型,同时受加性和显性效应的作用,且加性效应较为重要,显性程度为部分显性。控制籽粒蛋白质含量的减效等位基因为显性,亲本中增效和减效等位基因频率分布相同。宁麦9号具有最多控制籽粒蛋白质含量遗传的显性基因,而望水白和苏麦3号具有最多控制籽粒蛋白质含量遗传的隐性基因。小麦籽粒蛋白质含量可能受3~4对主效基因的控制,狭义遗传力中等。

Genetic analysis of grain protein content was conducted in seven soft red wheat cultivars and their F1s obtained from a diallel cross without reciprocals during croping season in 2009-2010.Grain protein content was measured by near infrared reflectance（NIR）.The results showed that Ningmai 9 was the best general combiner for grain protein content and could reduce significantly the grain protein content in its crossing progeny.The inheritance of grain protein content fit in with the additive dominance model and was controlled by both additive and dominant genetic effects,and the additive effect was more important than the dominant effect.The degree of dominance was partial dominance.The alleles reducing grain protein content were dominant.In the frequency distribution of alleles increasing or reducing grain protein content among 7 parents,there was no significant difference.Ningmai 9 had the most dominant genes controlling grain protein content,while Wangshuibai and Sumai 3 had more recessive genes.The grain protein content might be controlled by three or four pairs of major dominant genes with medium narrow sense heritability.