贫困与富裕家庭儿童社会适应的比较研究

Comparative Study on Poor and Rich Family Children's Social Adaptation

目的探讨贫困与富裕儿童的社会适应现状、行为特点、问题的共同性与差异性。方法采用自编简洁易懂的儿童社会适应自评表(问卷内部一致性信度为0.900),对浙江某沿海地区608名贫困学生与富裕学生(其中贫困生276人,富裕生332人)的社会适应能力进行了调查。结果①富裕家庭的学生在人际适应(F=30.461,P=0.000)、学习适应(F=43.340,P=0.000)、生活适应(F=21.694,P=0.000)、自我意识(F=21.694,P=0.000)上显著优于贫困生;②女生随着年级升高,人际适应水平呈显著下降状态(F=10.643,P=0.001);③小学女生的生活适应优于男生(F=7.594,P=0.007)。结论贫困学生社会适应状况相对不佳,富裕生社会适应比较好;随着年级的增高,社会适应问题呈分化状态。女生比男生有更明显的社会适应水平下降的状态。

Objective To compare the students from the wealthy and poor society in relation to their social adaptability and behavior.Methods A survey on the social adaptive ability of 608 children（including 276 poor students and 332 wealthy ones） in a coastal region in Zhejiang Province was conducted and a social adaption behavior scale for children（reliability of the scale is 0.900） was created.Results ①Students from wealthy families significantly did better than those from poor families in the aspect of social interpersonal skills（F=30.461,P=0.000）,learning skills （F=43.340,P=0.000）,living adaption（F=21.694,P=0.000） and self-consciousness（F=21.694,P=0.000）.②Girls＇ social adaptability remarkably decreased as they moved on in their secondary schools （F=10.643,P=0.001）.③In primary schools,girls were better than boys in terms of living adaptability（F=7.594,P=0.007）.Conclusion Students living in poverty are in a relatively poor state of social adaption,while wealthier students are better;thus,the issue of social adaption is clearly differentiated.Furthermore,girls decrease more obviously in social adaptability than boys as they move to higher years in their education.