男大学生、焦虑障碍患者和社会人群的吸烟行为与不安全感心理

Cigarette-smoking Behavior and Insecurity-feeling among Male College Students,Anxiety Disorders,and Other Social Groups

目的探讨男大学生、焦虑障碍患者和社会人群吸烟行为的不安全感心理特点,提出控制吸烟行为的心理学建议。方法采用自编吸烟行为问卷,筛查出男性大学生(37例)、焦虑障碍患者(56例)、社会人群中的规律吸烟者(43例),并对选择的所有样本以不安全感自评量表(SRF IS)进行测试和比较分析。结果①男大学生规律吸烟率为14.68%、焦虑障碍组规律吸烟率34.78%、社会人群组的吸烟率44.33%;②非吸烟组在生存安全(因子I)、人际安全(因子II)得分有显著差异(F值分别为12.54、20.62;P=0.000),吸烟组则仅在总分上有差异(F值为66.13,P=0.000);③配对t检验显示:大学生组中,吸烟组和非吸烟组在与他人有关系的人际安全(因子II)(t=-3.42,P<0.01)和爱与被爱(因子III)(t=-3.25,P<0.01)2个因子比较有差异,其他2个因子无明显差异;焦虑障碍组在生存安全(因子I)(t=-3.43,P<0.01)、因子II人际安全(t=-3.39,P<0.01)有明显差异,社会人群组在生存安全(因子I)和个人成就安全(因子IV)有明显差异(P<0.01);④在三吸烟组总分两两比较时,焦虑障碍组较大学生组(t=-4.14,P<0.01)和社会人群组(t=-4.11,P<0.01)比较有明显差异,而大学生与社会人群则没有明显差异。结论男大学生、焦虑障碍患者与社会人群存在不同的不安全感心理特点,大学生的控制烟草行为应注意提高其自身的群体认同感,焦虑障碍患者则要强调学习和通过其他方式来缓解其内心的焦虑,而对社会人群的教育除了强调吸烟的危害性之外,更要注意提高对于个人成就感的认识、增强和提高自身成就安全感。

Objective To study the characteristics of the cigarette-smoking behavior and insecurity-feeling among male college students,anxiety disorders and other social groups,and offer some suggestion on controlling cigarette addiction.Methods A total of 37 cases of male college students,56 cases of anxiety disorders,and 43 cases of other social groups were assessed by using Self-Rating Feeling of Insecurity Scale（SRFIS）.Results ①The cigarette-smoking rate among the sample group of male college students was 14.68%,and that of anxiety disorder group and the social group was 34.78% and 44.33% respectively.②Significant difference appeared among the score assessments of survival security（factor I） and interpersonal security（factor II） in the nonsmoking group（F=12.54,20.62;P=0.000）,while there was only difference in the total value of the smoking group＇s score assessments（F=66.13,P=0.000）.③T-test showed that difference between the smoking and nonsmoking groups among college students meanly occured in those factors associated with other person：interpersonal security（factor II,t=-3.42,P0.01）） and love-beloved（factor III,t=-3.25,P0.01）;no marked difference in values on other factors.Meanwhile,anxiety disorder group showed difference on factor I（t=-3.43,P0.01）and II（t=-3.39,P0.01）,and the social people group showeed difference on factor I（t=-3.43,P0.01）and IV（t=-3.20,P0.01）.④In three smoking groups,anxiety disorder group showed difference on the total of SRFIS in male college students groups（t=-4.14,P0.01）and other social groups（t=-4.11,P0.01）.Conclusion The anxiety disorder group shows great difference compared with the other two groups,while the college student group and the social people group exist no significant difference.We make such conclusion that male college students, anxiety disorders and social groups have disparate psychological peculiarities of the insecurity feeling.Thus,we suggest that college students pay more attention to improving their group identity when performing tobacco control actions,while anxiety disorders should focus on alleviating their inner anxiety by learning or other methods.Also,the social groups should not only be educated by the dangers of smoking,but also pay more attention to self-awareness and personal accomplishment improving and enhancing,as well as building their own sense of security achievements.