科学思想若干重要的历史线索——立足于自然观的分析

Some Important Historical Clues of Scientific Thoughts——An analysis based on views of Nature

科学思想史上的自然观依次为:原始人的神话自然观,古希腊自然哲学中的自然观——原子论、"数学和谐"、"自然合目的",中世纪的魔法自然观,重视严格因果性的近代机械自然观,立足于"场的本体论"的电磁场论自然观,以及整合吸收了历史上所有自然观优点的现代综合自然观。特别值得关注的是,那些对形成世界图景具有决定意义的科学思想的演变,须让科学事实支撑相应的世界图景。还要从历史经验中汲取营养,得到重要的方法论教益,以加深对当代科学思想的理解,为当今的科学探索活动提供某种启示。

Ancient Greek philosophy of Nature contains three types of views： atomism view of Nature,Pythagoreanism mathematical view of Nature and organism or teleological view of Nature.The representative views of Nature in history of scientific thoughts include mythological view of Nature（containing abundant metaphor）,ancient Greek philosophy of Nature（aboundant in philosophical thoughts）,magic view of Nature（emphasizing bizarre experiments）,modern mechanical view of Nature（stressing strict causality）,electromagnetic field theoretic view of Nature（based on the ontology of field） and modern integrated view of Nature.Modern integrated view of Nature derives rational ingredients of all the past views of Nature and achieves the unification of causal concept and teleology as well as the conformity of particle ontology and field ontology.