用一种稳定的全反Q滤波方法提高叠前地震资料的分辨率

Improvement of Prestack Seismic Resolution with Stable Full Inverse Q Filtering

地震波在地下介质中传播时,由于受到衰减影响,导致地震波的高频能量受到损失和相位畸变。而反Q滤波是补偿地层吸收衰减的一个最有效途径。常规的反Q滤波补偿方法一般是针对叠后地震资料进行的,然而,地震波实际衰减过程是沿着传播路径发生的,并受介质的各向异性影响,所以真正的反Q滤波补偿应该在叠前地震资料中进行。利用沿射线路径的波场延拓,并且考虑地下介质的各向异性,将一种稳定有效的全反Q滤波方法应用到叠前反射道集的衰减补偿中。模型资料和实际资料的反Q滤波结果表明:该稳定全反Q滤波方法能有效地补偿地震资料的中、高频成分,拓宽地震信号的频带宽度,提高叠前地震资料的分辨率,改善地震资料的质量。

The propagation of seismic waves in the earth would cause attenuation,by which influence on high frequency energy and phase distortion were induced.The inverse Q filtration was one of the most important methods to compensate the attenuation of adsorption in formation.The conventional inverse Q filtration method was suitable for poststack seismic data.For the prestack seismic data,the reasonable compensation method was performed along the ray path,the actual attenuation of wave occurred along the propagation path and the propagation of seismic wave in the earth were affected by anisotropy.The wave field continuation along the ray path was used to compensate the attenuation of prestack seismic data.The inverse Q filtering results from modeling and actual data shows that the stable inverse Q filtering method can compensate medium and high frequency of seismic data resulting in widening frequency bandwidth,improve the resolution of prestack seismic data effectively and the quality of surface seismic data.