阿片类依赖者脱毒后复吸情况及复吸原因的流行病学调查

AN EPIDEMIC INVESTIGATION ON RELAPSE AND RELAPSE REASONS AFTER DETOXIFICATION

目的··:了解阿片类依赖者脱毒后的复吸情况及原因,以提高戒毒操守率。方法··:采用《16项复吸原因调查问卷》调查285例阿片类依赖者脱毒后复吸的情况。结果··:在285例被调查者中,282例在脱毒后1年内就复吸,仅3例没有再吸食毒品(戒毒时间超过1年),1年内复吸率高达98.9%。复吸原因:稽延性戒断症状是产生复吸的主要身体原因(占60%);为了解除心情烦恼(占65%),打发无聊时间(占56%),再吸“最后一次”(占58%),是产生复吸的主要心理原因;戒毒后回归旧环境,触景生情(占53%),受毒友的影响(占60%)开始复吸,是产生复吸的主要社会原因;另外,吸毒者戒毒信心不足(占40%),使不少吸毒者不能保持操守。身体、心理、社会3因子对复吸的影响差异显著(F=6.36,P<0.01),经配对相关t检验,身体、心理因子对复吸的影响起决定作用。结论··:选用合适的戒毒药品和在身体脱毒后进行心理康复是降低复吸率的必要手段。另外,政府的政策是控制吸毒的重要保证。

Objective: To understand the relapse condition and some possible reasons of opium addicts after drug abstinence so as to find a way to increase personal integrity rate. Method: A survey utilizing “16-Items Relapse Factors of Drug Addiction” was conducted on 285 opium addicts after drug abstinence. Result: It was found that among the 285 cases, 282 relapsed within only one year, and 3 of them kept free from drugs over one year. The relapse rate within a year was as high as 98.9%. The main reasons for this high relapse rate were: protracted withdrawal syndromes (60%), main physical factor; alleviating emotional distress (65%), killing free time (56%), and “taking the last dose again” (58%), psychology factors; back to the old environment and jetting influenced by the familiar things, main social reasons (53%). What more, lacking confidence to stop using drugs (40%) also made many addicts unwilling to abstain drugs. The difference of the three main factors inducing relapse was obvious (F=6.31, P<0.01). The paired sample test suggested that the physical and psychological factors were decisive ones, and these two factors leading relapse were not so different. Conclusion: Relapse results from physical, psychological and social factors together. Among them, physical and psychological factors are the main ones. Therefore, choosing right medicine for detoxification and conducting psychological treatment after physical abstinence are necessary to reduce relapse rate.