基因型及播种密度对冬小麦分蘖期生长、生物量分配及产量的影响

Effects of Genotype and Sowing Density on Growth,Biomass Allocation and Yield of Winter Wheat at Tillering Stage

采用双因素随机区组设计,研究了分别来自干旱与湿润区的4个小麦品种6个播种密度对冬小麦生长、生物量分配及产量的影响.结果表明,在本试验条件下,生长指标、生物量积累各指标及籽粒产量均主要受基因型和播种密度互作（g×d）影响,而成穗数、穗粒数主要受播种密度（d）的影响,基因型（g）则是引起小麦籽粒产量、千粒重及穗长变化的主要因素.白粒三号和川麦39最佳播种密度为315×104 hm-2,籽粒产量达到5 863.8 kg hm-2和5 882.1 kg hm-2;西农2000与陕麦139产量最佳播种密度为195×104 hm-2,籽粒产量分别为6 422.4 kg hm-2和7 062.4 kg hm-2.陕西小麦品种籽粒产量高出四川小麦约12.90%~18.62%.相关分析表明,籽粒产量与成穗数、千粒重呈极显著正相关（r=0.859 7＊＊,r=0.499 3＊＊）,而与穗长、地上部干重及根系长度呈极显著负相关,与穗粒数及其它生长、生物量指标无显著相关.研究表明,干旱区小麦在湿润地区种植表现出较大的增产潜力,此外,在生产中应重视基因型和播种密度二者互作所表现出来的优势.

Using two-factor randomized blocks design,four wheat cultivars and six sowing densities were chosen to study the response of growth,biomass allocation and yield characteristics of winter wheat.The results showed that the growth and biomass allocation were mainly affected by genotype × sowing density,while ears,grains per ear mainly affected by sowing density,and genotype was the primary factor resulting in the changes of grain yield,1 000-kernel weight and spike length.The optimal sowing density of Bailisanhao and Chuanmai39 was 315×104 hm-2,and their grain yields were 5 863.8 kg hm-2 and 5 882.1 kg hm-2,respectively.The optimal sowing density of Xinong2000 and Shanmai139 was 195×104 hm-2,and their grain yields were 6 422.4 kg hm-2 and 7 062.4 kg hm-2,respectively.The grain yields of Shaanxi wheat were 12.90%~18.62% higher than those of Sichuan wheat.The correlation analysis showed that the grain yield had highly significant positive correlation with ears and 1 000-kernel weight（r = 0.859 7＊＊,r = 0.499 3＊＊）,had highly significant negative correlation with spike length,root length and shoot dry mass,and had no significant correlation with other growth and biomass characteristics.The results imply that the wheat cultivars from dry area have more potential yield than those from wet area.In addition,more attention should be paid in wheat production to the advantage of interaction between sowing density and genotype.Tab 5,Ref 31