嫁接茶树新梢生育特性的研究

Studies on biological characters of grafted tea plant

研究表明,嫁接茶树春季茶芽的萌发期、生育动态,与接穗品种相似;嫁接茶树第一年抗冻能力比其接穗品种弱且易受冻害侵袭;5 月20 日嫁接的龙井43/鸠坑、乌牛早/鸠坑、浙农113/鸠坑、福建水仙/鸠坑均表现为芽梢萌发后,生长势强,日平均生长量达1 cm 左右。四个嫁接组合中,以乌牛早/鸠坑接后愈合生长最快,35 d 后新梢开始抽生,生长量最大.嫁接茶树接后三个月内,就有侧枝发生,这对树冠的培养有利,但不同接穗品种间的分枝差异甚大,其中浙农 113/鸠坑的侧枝发生量最多,其次是乌牛早/鸠坑、龙井43/鸠坑,福建水仙/鸠坑基本无分枝发生。因此,对现行的嫁接改造初期的茶树修剪、采摘制度应考虑重新制订。

The studies on the tea grafting showed that: In spring, the grafted tea resembles its scion variety in the bud sprouting stage and growth rhythm. The resistance to freezing of the graft union is weaker than that of the scion variety in the first year after grafting, and the plant is vulnerable to cold damage. The four graft unions, LongJing43/JiuKeng, WuNiuZhao/JiuKeng, ZheNong113/JiuKeng and FuJianShuiXian/JiuKeng (scion/stock) which were treated on May 20 all have vigorous growth, and the average growth is about 1 cm per day, particularly, WuNiuZhao/JiuKeng is the best in shoot growth. Grafted 35 days later, WuNiuZhao/JiuKeng begin budding. Within three months after grafting, the new young branches grow, which contributes to developing the frame. The branch numbers, caused by the different scion variety greatly varied wiht the union of ZheNong113/JiuKeng ranks the first, followed by WuNiuZhao/JiuKeng and LongJing/JiuKeng sequentially, but branch would hardly be found in the union of ShuiXian/JiuKeng. So, it should be taken into account to redraft out strategies on pruning and plucking at the initial stage after grafting.