宁南山区旱作冬小麦高产优质高效栽培综合农艺措施数学模型及优化方案的研究

A Study on mathematical model and optimization Scheme of comprehesive agronomic measures for high yield and good quality and high benefit of winter wheat in dry mountainous areas of south Ningxia

采用回归正交旋转组合设计的方法,研究了宁南山区旱塬地、台地冬小麦籽粒产量、蛋白质含量、经济纯收益与主要栽培因子播期、播量、施农肥量、施氮量、施磷量之间的关系。并通过对所建模型的解析和优化模拟筛选出塬地产量> 4 500 kg/hm 2、蛋白质含量>15.5% 、经济纯收益> 4 500 元/hm 2 的最佳栽培技术方案为播期8 月25 日～28 日,播量(万粒/hm 2)478.5～501,施农肥量(kg/hm 2)14 715～24 225,施氮量(kg/hm 2)166.5～189,施磷量(kg/hm 2)118.5～145.5;台地产量≥3 600 kg/hm 2、蛋白质含量≥12.0% 、经济纯收益≥3 750 元/hm 2 的最佳栽培技术方案为播期9 月1 日～9 日,播量(万粒/hm 2)372～481.5,施农肥量(kg/hm 2)33 735～37 785,施氮量(kg/hm 2)156～175.5,施磷量(kg/hm 2)168～192。

The quadratic orthogonal ratation regression has been applied in the present experiment to study the relations between the grain yield,protein content,economic profit and the main cultivation factors such as sowing time,seeding quantity,qualitity of application of farmyard manure, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertiltzer of winter wheat in the dry mountainous area of south Ningxia. Also through the analysis of the model and the selected optimum method, the best cultivaton scheme have been got. That is on the plains,the yield over 4 500 kg/hm 2,protein content over 15.5%,economic profit over 4 500 yuan/hm 2.Sowing time:August 25 th～28th, Seeding quantity:4 785～5 010 thousand of grain/hm 2,quantity of applying manure:14 715 kg/hm 2～24 225 kg/hm 2,nitrogenous fertilizer:166.5 kg/hm 2～189 kg/hm 2,phosphote fertilizer:118.5 kg/hm 2～145.5 kg/hm 2.In the table fields, the yield is 3 600 kg/hm 2, protein content 12.0%, economic profit 3 750 kg/hm 2,sowing time:september lst～9sh,sowing quantity: 3 720～4 815 thousand of grain/hm 2,quantity of applying manure:33 735～37 785 kg/hm 2, nitrogenous fertilizer: 156 kg/hm 2～1 755 kg/hm 2; phosphate fertilizer:165 kg/hm 2～192 kg/hm 2.