简评加州私有土地的木材管理(英文)

A brief review of timber management onprivate lands in California

在加州, 私人及私营公司拥有的生产性林地占45 % 。为了收获木材, 这些林地的业主需要持有执照的专业林业工作者准备一份详细的经营计划, 该计划需经州政府广泛的审阅。这种经营计划往往耗资6 000 ～12 000 美元或更多的资金。计划的准备及州政府的审阅耗时6 个月或更长的时间。林业工作者所作的决策受到法律、林地条件、经济状况和林地业主的目的等限制。林业实践法规对造林体系的选择及采伐后要达到的更新量有详细的标准。项目可行性中要考虑的因子包括准备计划的成本费用、树木的标号、砍伐、管理、运输、税务、造林及任何受保护物种的存在。许多面积小于16 hm2 的林地, 其成本费用会超过立木所产生的收益。对加州林地业主来说, 重要的是日趋严峻的受规章制度限制的大气候、高额的遗产税及极度的火灾隐患。由于大众对森林及林产品的美学要求, 加州正面临着大量进口木制品。在现有的法律框架内, 林业工作者要平衡生态学、经济学及加州居民的意见, 以便为他们提供各种价值的物品。表2

Private individuals and companies own 45% of Californias productive forestland.To harvest timber,these owners are required to have a licensed professional forester prepare detailed management plan that goes through extensive review by the state.Plans cost ＄ 6 000 ～＄ 12 000 and up,and may 6 or more months to prepare and go through review by the state.Foresters decisions are constrained by laws,stand conditions,economics,and the landowners objectives.The Forest Practice Rules have detailed standards for selecting silvicultural systems and meeting post harvest stocking.Factors considered in project feasibility include costs of plan preparation,tree marking,logging,administration,trucking,taxes,planting,and presence of any protected species.On many properties under 16 hectares,these costs exceed the revenues that can be generated from the standing timber.Important issues for Californias forest landowners include an increasingly tight regulatory climate,high inheritance taxes,and extreme fire danger resulting from fire suppression.As the public demands aesthetically pleasing forests as well as forest products,California is faced with importing much of its wood products supply.Within the framework of existing laws,foresters balance ecology,economy,and public opinion to provide for the diverse values of Californias populations.Table 2 References 2