矿山水害链构建及孕源断链减灾途径研究

Study on construction of mine water hazard disaster chain and countermeasures of chain-cutting mitigation from gestation source

将链式理论应用于矿山水害研究,建立矿山水害链式结构,实现了矿山水害的孕源断链减灾。以矿山水害链的概念辨识为基础,分析了矿山水害链基本模式和链内结构关系,提出了矿山水害形成的链式规律,指出矿山水文地质条件是水害发生的致灾环与主导因素,人类采动、强降雨等非地质因素是激发环。建立了孕源断链的矿山水害减灾模式,从水害链结构的孕源、激发环和衍生水害3种途径实现水害的控制,对矿山水害断链减灾措施进行了定性分析。研究表明,3种水害孕源断链减灾途径及其技术措施能够有效控制矿山工程水害。

This paper applies the disaster chain theory to build disaster chain structure of mine water hazard which is one of the most important disaster sources, and to achieve chain-cutting mitigation from gestation source of mine water hazard. In our study, we firstly identified and explained disaster chain of mine water hazard which referred to primary mine water hazard, secondary mine water hazard and derivative mine water hazard, and interpreted its carrier rules, basic attributes and characteristics in disaster chain theory. Then, basic model of mine water hazard disaster chain structure was built up to reflect its formation factors as well as the probable damages. It was applied as well to analyze the internal structure correlation and mutual influences among those factors. In order to understand the influencing factors of water hazard formation, we studied the connection rule along the mine water hazard chain formation process in the form of disaster formation ring, triggering ring and damage ring. It was pointed out that hydrogeology elements were the disaster formation rings and dominant factors, and some non-geological elements such as human alining activity and heavy raimfall were the triggering rings. The occurrence and development of mine water hazards result from the joint effects of these factors. Finally, after having defined and explained the chain-dutting disaster mitigation model, we discussed the disaster chain relationship among primary mine water hazard, secondary, mine water hazard and derivative mine water hazard. Chain-cutting disaster mitigation model was also deduced by three means including gestation source, triggering ring and its ramification to control mine water hazard. In the end, several chain-cutting disaster mitigation measures for disaster chain of mine water hazard, which referred to the changes of formation factors, disaster formation ring, triggering ring and damage ring, were proposed for qualitative analysis based on mine practice. The research shows that three chain-cutting mitigation means from gestation source and the technical measures can effectively control the mine water hazard.