构建贵州地方稻种遗传资源核心样品种质库的基本原则与程序

Primary Rules and Proceedings on Setting up Core Collection of Local Rice Germplasm Resources in Guizhou

核心样品种质库是体现作物品种资源遗传多样性并促进有效利用的一项重要资源管理机制。构建贵州稻种资源核心样品种质库时,须遵循既要保证最大可能的遗传多样性,又要避免过多的遗传同一性材料;既便于管理,更有利于利用和交流;既是数量上的精炼,又是特色性优异种质研究成果的集中体现等基本原则。采取形态特征与生物学特性鉴定为主,辅之同工酶等生化分析作为性状评价指标,分层取样,逐层聚类分析的方法,提出了贵州稻种核心样品构建程序按初级(30%)→次级(20%)→核心样品(10%)三个层次逐步开展。

The establishment of a core collection from a large genetic resources collection was one of effective administration germplasm systems so as to keep both of its genetic diversity and to utilize effectively in terms of different needs. Methods on setting up a core collection of rice germplasm in Guizhou were studied. The primary rules showed that: (1) By planting in the field and experimenting at lab, evaluation and identification of agronomic traits and biological characteristics of 5168 accessions formed and collected in Guizhou natural environment should be finished firstly. (2) Total of 5168 local cultivars was classified into indica rice, japonica rice, upland rice and Guizhou HE grown in low temperature area, and then divided it into different ecotypes. (3) Cluster analysis and other biotechnology should be applied on main quantitative and qualitative traits for each ecotype to decide the selection variation of germplasm collections. (4) Phenomenon about the same variety with different name or the different variety with the same name should be identified carefully. (5) Proceedings based on the establishing rules should coordinate with actual achievement on rice germplasm resources.