籼粳稻杂交理想株型创造与超高产育种及其应用研究

The Creation of Ideal Plant Type (IPI) Through Indica-Japonica Hybridization for Super Rice Breeding (SRB) and Its Application

几十年来在籼粳稻杂交育种、水稻理想株型及超高产育种领域完成了大量开拓性应用基础研究，首次提出了籼粳稻杂交育种的关键技术，即通过生物学方法克服籼粳杂交产生的疯狂分离、结实率低和后代不易稳定三大困难以及有利综合籼粳优点的亲本和杂交后代选择技术，使之成为行之有效的常规育种方法，使我国成为世界上籼粳稻杂交育种最成功的国家；在籼粳稻杂交育种基础上，首次明确提出通过籼粳稻杂交创造株型变异、进行理想株型育种的理论与方法，并用数学方法定量分析了主要株型性状与群体光能利用、物质生产及产量形成的关系，明确了在育种和栽培实践中应用的生理参数；首次系统研究了水稻直立穗型生理生态特性及遗传规律，提出了扬长避短充分发挥其优势的关键技术，证明矮化育种后株型改良仍然有巨大潜力，把理想株型研究推向新阶段；首次明确提出了理想株型与优势利用相结合的超级稻育种技术路线，创立了具有中国特色的水稻超高产理论体系，即通过籼粳稻杂交创造形态和生理变异，再经优化性状组配选育理想株型与优势利用相结合的超高产品种；首次提出了大穗型直立德超高产株型模式，同时确立了超高产的亲本和杂交后代选择技术，为实现水稻单产的第三次飞跃奠定了理论基础。根据上述理论和方法，创造出?

A large amount of pioneering applied basic studies have been accomplished in indica-japonicahybridization, Ideal Plant Type breeding and super-Rice Breeding in pan several decades. The key techniques ofbreeding through indica-japonica hybridization were first proposed, which included the methods of overcomingthe three major difficulties created from the hybridization, mad segregation,trait instabilities, and the techniques for theselection of parents and their offspringr easily combining favorable traits from indica and japonica. These techniquesare a valid conventional breeding approach which has made indica-japonica hybridization most successful in China.The method and theory to produce plant type variation through croning indica and japonica, and then to conductideal plant type breeding were also first proposed. Mathematic methods were adopted to quantitively analyze therelations between main plant type traits and sunlight utilization, and the physiological parameters related to ricebreeding and cultural practices were determined. Schematic Studies were first made on the philological-ecologicalcharacteristics of rice erect panicle trait and isS genetics. The key techniques of making full use of the advantages inindica-japonica hybridization were given. It has been confirmed that there is still big potential for plant typeimprovement after breeding for dwarfrice, this finding has made the studies of ideal plant type go to a new phase.The technical routine of breeding for super rice through combining ideal plant type with utilization of vigors wasdeveloped, forcing a theoretical scum of rice super-high-yield breding in China. Big and erect panicle planttype patterns of super-high-yield rice was established, and seleCtion techniques for super-high-yield parents and theirprogenies were developed. There theories and methods have laid a foundation for the third breakthrough in riceyield. Based on the above methods and theories, new plant type roources have produced and borne the importantparentS for Super-Rice Breeding reeding-at home and abroad. Some high yield and super-high-yield varieties have beenbred, Which takes a firm step for realization of super-high-yield. The theories make rice breeding in the northespecially Liaoning Province in the leading place in China and the first class in the world. These achievementshave had guiding function for rice breding and culture in the whole country, and have tale great economic andsocial profits.