废塑料热解机理及低温热解研究

Mechanism of thermal decomposition and low temperature pyrolysis of waste plastics

相对于填埋、焚烧等传统的处理方法,废塑料热解技术不仅可以降低塑料处理过程中对环境的污染,而且可以将废塑料还原成燃料和化学品,从而有效地回收废物资源。但是废塑料热解反应通常需要很高的温度,使得热解法回收废塑料过程变得复杂。分析比较了热解回收废塑料相对于其他方法的优势,并系统地阐述了塑料热降解的机理。在综合国内外研究的基础上提出两种低温热解废塑料的方法:加催化热解和共热解。并利用塑料降解的自由基理论,分析了催化热解和共热解法降低塑料降解温度的机理。

Compared with conventional disposal methods for waste plastics,such as land filing and incineration,thermal conversion of waste plastics can not only reduce the pollution from plastic disposal processes,but also can produce valuable fuel and chemical feedstock.High temperature is always required for thermal degradation of polymer due to the heat-resisting characteristic of plastic,which complicates the thermal degradation of plastic.Based on an analysis about the advantage of thermal conversion compared to other methods,the paper demonstrated the mechanism of thermal degradation of plastics.Two means of plastic degradation under low temperature and their mechanism were studied based on a research survey both home and abroad.