论林业经济中的“市场失灵”问题

On Market Failure in Forestry

在近几年涉及林业经济机制的研究中,出现了排斥市场机制的认识和做法.该文从“公共产品”、林业经济的“外部性”、林业特点等几个方面,运用制度经济学和资源经济学的理论对林业经济中的“市场失灵”问题进行了分析,对我国林业经济研究中普遍存在的市场机制积极作用的有限论进行讨论.作者认为:林业经济中的“市场失灵”问题与其它行业没有本质上的区别;政府的扶持是在特定时期提高社会对林业的重视程度,增加国家对林业的投入,提高林业在国民经济中的地位的需要,但林业发展不能依赖政府.林业的特殊性不是在林业中排斥市场机制积极作用的理由,市场机制对林业的发展具有积极的促进作用,市场机制的基本原则适用于林业.

Market failure” theory has been accepted by some economists and they spark plug that government should apply more policy and direct administration in forestry instead of market since the role of market mechanism in accelerating forestry development is limited. In this paper, the market failure issue in forestry was analyzed and discussed in terms of public goods, forestry economic externality, the characteristics of forestry, and so on. Then the popular points of the limited function of market mechanism in forestry were also analyzed and criticized with the principle of systematical economics and resource economics. The following conclusions have been made. ① The market failure in forestry has no substantial differences to other industry. ② The public policy and direct administration to forestry is crucially important in getting the attention and support from society and government, but the development of forestry can not rely on government only. ③ The public policy and direct administration to forestry from government is not contradictory to market. And ④ market mechanism has the function of accelerating forestry development and its principles can be applied.