黄牡丹表型变异及多样性研究

Morphological Variation and Diversity in Populations of Paeonia lutea

通过对不同地理种源的黄牡丹株丛的12个形态指标进行观测,据此研究形态的变异及表型多样性,结果显示:花部形态变异较叶部大,在7个数量性状指标中,萼片的变异系数最大,为0.252 2,其次为心皮和苞片;多样性指数最高的依次是花色、瓣尖形状和瓣基斑块。3个叶形态指标中,裂叶宽度的变异系数最高,为0.160 3;在12个指标中,特征向量绝对值较大的3个性状依次为花色、瓣基斑块、苞片,反映出它们对黄牡丹表型变异的贡献率最大;而采用欧氏距离聚类可将22株系分为3大类,可用花色、斑块形态和苞片数量三个性状初区分开黄牡丹的类群,不同类群的黄牡丹的亲缘关系可依据地理种源的远近、花色、斑块色形和萼片和苞片总数进行初步分类。

Morphological variation and biodiversity of Paeonia lutea were investigated by observing and measuring twelve characters.It indicated that variations in flower were much more than that in leaf,in the highest variation coefficient was 0.252 2 in calyx,followed by carpel and bract.Higher genetic diversity indices existed respectively in petal color,shape of petal apex and stains of petal base.Whereas,width of leaf had a higher variation（0.160 3）.It also showed that three of twelve characters,flower color,stains of sepal base and bract had higher contribution-rate than nine indices left,whose component matrixes were much higher.Twenty two clones were divided into three types by Euclidean distance clustering.Types of P.lutea could be preliminarily distinguished by three characters： sepal color,shape of stains and bract amounts.S＇ib ship could also be judged by provenance,sepal color,shape of stains,calyx and bract amounts.