2008~2009年医务人员职业暴露前瞻性调查及防护措施的探讨

Prospective study of occupational exposure and protective methods in medical staff in the year 2008～2009

目的监测医务人员职业暴露的现状,为临床医务人员正确执行防护措施提供依据。方法采用前瞻性调查的方法,监测医务人员职业暴露发生情况。结果 2008~2009年共有118例医务人员报告职业暴露,医护人员是职业暴露的高危人群;HBV、梅毒、HCV、H IV是主要的职业暴露源;病房和手术室是职业暴露的主要场所。动静脉及其它穿刺、拨针及拨针后处置不当、手术操作中是职业暴露的主要环节;锐器损伤、粘膜溅入是职业暴露的主要方式。结论建立职业安全防护制度和处理流程,加强高危人群的职业防护培训,暴露后及时处理和预防用药是降低职业性感染的有效方法。

Objective To detect the occupational exposure in medical staff,in order to find the evidence for them to execute the protective means correctly.Methods To study the occupational exposure in medical staffs by using the prospective method.Results Medical staff was the high-risk group of people.During the year 2008～2009,118 medical staffs reported occupational exposure.HBV,syphilis,HCV,HIV were the main origin.Inpatient wards and operating rooms were the dominant location.Procedures during artery,vein and other punctures,withdrawal needles and thereafter mal-treatment,and operative procedure were frequently involved.Injuries by sharp implement,and spirt into mucous membrane were the chief way.Conclusion To establish an occupational protective system and handling flow sheet,further trained the high-risk group of people,and promptly handling after exposure as well as the preventive medication were the efficient methods to decease the occupational infection rate.