解放战争时期中国共产党土改政策反复调整原因探析——兼评“政治谋略说”、“革命形势说”两种观点

Research on the Reasons of Repetition Adjustment of the CCP's Land Reform Policy during the Liberation War

解放战争时期,中国共产党实行了"耕者有其田"的土地政策,但这一政策经历了"温和—激进—纠偏"反复调整的过程。学术界普遍认为这种反复是共产党的"政治谋略"或为了适应"革命形势"采取的。实际上土地改革反复的原因是比较复杂的:土地所有制和租佃关系分布的不平衡,是土改政策反复的客观因素;中央与地方所处地区环境的不同及考虑问题的出发点不同,是土改政策反复的主观因素;统一战线与放手发动群众之间的矛盾,是共产党土改政策反复的直接原因。

During the Liberation War,the CCP carried out the land reform policy of ＂land to the tiller＂;however,the policy experienced a process of repetition adjustment which was moderate at the beginning and then radical,and final moderate.It is generally acknowledged in the academic circle that the repetition was the CCP＇s political strategy or to adapt to the revolutionary situation.In fact,the reason of repetition adjustment of the CCP＇s land reform policy was complex： the objective factor is unbalance of the distribution of land ownership and tenancy relationship;the subjective factor is different circumstances and different viewpoints between the Central Committee and local government;and the direct reason is the conflict between the united front and Mass Campaigns.