我国审计需求的异化及制度成因

Audit Demand's Alienation and Its Institutional Reasons in China

审计需求是影响审计市场乃至资本市场发展的重要因素。审计需求的异化现象在我国资本市场的特定时期或特定范围内显著存在,是高质量审计需求缺乏的表现。这种现象可分为审计需求的低质量偏好、审计需求的无所谓态度、审计需求的行政依赖三种。诱导审计需求产生异化的制度原因是股权表决中"资本多数决"原则实质性剥夺了中小股东的监督权;国有企业和政府存在难以割舍的荣辱与共的关系;新股发行资格的行政管制以及对虚假陈述的法律惩戒不足。抑制审计需求异化的制度改革主要是通过建立分类表决机制等确保外部股东的监督权,进一步阻隔政府和企业之间的产权联系,实行登记制等市场化的新股发行制度,通过集团诉讼等提高投资者参与虚假陈述法律诉讼的热情。

Audit demand can have an appreciable impact on the development of audit market and capital market.It is apparent that the alienation exists in China capital market during the special period in some special domain,which indicates the shortage of high quality audit demand.There are three kinds of alienable phenomena of audit demand —— low quality preference,casual attitude,and dependence on administration —— in China audit market,which signifies the deficiency of demand for high-quality audit.There are some institutional reasons,such as a） majority rule in equity voting;b） intimate connection between government and state-owned enterprises;c） government regulation on IPO,and d） insufficient legal punishment on false financial statements.The countermeasures include： a） classified voting system;b） property privatization;c） IPO registration system and d） group lawsuit system.