李鸿章幕府的形成及其主要特色

The formation and main features of Li Hong-zhang's Mu fu

曾由幕府出身的李鸿章受命招募淮军伊始即开始建立自己的幕府,此后随着其政治地位的不断提高,幕府班子也越来越庞大,30余年间一直常盛不衰。家庭背景、个人出身、入幕方式等方面的不同显示了李鸿章幕府的庞杂性。以1870年8月调任直隶总督为界,前期李鸿章幕府以履行军事职能为主,主要由其同乡、同学、亲属、朋友、原曾国藩幕僚和上海官绅组成,基本上是以传统的旧式人才为主的,不少人在思想观念上仍属于守旧派;后期李鸿章幕府的职能转向以行政事务为中心,为此而延揽一大批具有办理工矿企业、海防、教育、外交等方面专长的近代人才,旧式幕府成员也有一部分受西学影响而发生转化。甲午战争以前,李鸿章幕府可以说是中国当时独一无二的近代人才库。

Li Hong-zhang who was trained in Mufu had been set to establish his own Mufu since he was appointed to recruit Huai Army.With his promotion,Li＇s Mufu recruited more talents and had been full of vitality for more than 30 years.These talents＇s family background,personal background and the way they became a number of the Mufu were not all the same.All these differences demonstrated the complexity of the Mufu.If we bounded his being the governor of Zhili in 1870,Li＇s Mufu could be divided into two periods.Before that time,Li＇s Mufu mainly fulfilled military functions and it mainly consist of his fellow villagers,classmates,relatives,friends,former assistants of Zeng Guo-fan＇s Mufu as well as government officials and gentry in Shanghai.These pepole were basically old traditional talents and most of them were still conservative.After that time,Li＇s Mufu mainly fulfilled administrative functions.To adapt to this change,Li＇s Mufu recruited a large number of modern talents,including managerial expertises,technical expertises,costal defensive expertises,educational expertises,diplomatic expertises and expertises in other fields.Influenced by western civilization,part of the old Mu fu members became more enlighted.So to speak,before the Sino-Japanese war,Li＇s Mufu is a unique modern talent pool in China.